Log24

Part I, Midday —

Yesterday's midday NY Lottery "689" suggests (from April 3, 2005)—

689

[fú] blessing, good fortune

Connecting the dots with Clarke's Last Tale—

"The book is about a young Sri Lankan mathematician
who finds a short proof of Fermat's Last Theorem
while an alien invasion of Earth is in progress."

— Wikipedia on Arthur C. Clarke's 2008 novel The Last Theorem

Related material—

The May 7, 2006 link from Thursday morning's The 256 Code
and the Tribute link in last night's Your Shiny Friend.

Earlier Determinations —

"I could tell you a lot, but you got
 to be true to your code…." —Sinatra

Update of 4:28 PM ET 7/7—

The above remark by Griess is from a preprint of an article
published in Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
Volume 115 Issue 7, October 2008. (A copy dated
April 28, 2006, was placed in the arXiv on May 7, 2006.)

"When you have only one way of expressing yourself, you have
limits that you don’t appreciate. When you get a new way to
express yourself, it teaches you that there could be a third or a
fourth way. It opens up your eyes to a much broader universe."
— David Donoho

The above quote appears as the epigraph to Chapter 4,
"Beyond Wavelets," in A Primer on Wavelets  by James S. Walker
(Chapman & Hall/CRC, 1999).  It originally appeared as the
conclusion (p. 234) of "The Mathematical Microscope: Waves,
Wavelets, and Beyond," by Barbara Burke, pp. 196-235 in
A Positron Named Priscilla , National Academy of Sciences, 1994.

For other ways of expression suitable for today's holiday,
see Shell Beach in this journal.

The "232" was suggested by today's evening New York lottery, as
was the work of mathematician David Donoho (born 3/5/57).

Donoho is an expert on wavelets and related functions.

This post's title was suggested by the Mexican Hat wavelet
and by the Wallace Stevens poem "The Pastor Caballero"
quoted in last night's post.

As for today's midday lottery, see a reference to 645
in Imago Creationis and remarks from 3354 (3/3/54)
by Pauli on quantum theory and "small macroscopic spheres"
[for instance, Ping Pong balls].

Von Neumann's theory…
"tries to make the imponderable ponderable." — Various authors

As does some poetry.

For further details, click on the hat.

A portrait reproduced here on October 11, 2007—

The above was suggested by yesterday's New York Lottery and by
items dated February  8, 1958 (date of receipt of an AMS Bulletin  article)
and February 1, 1953 (newspaper article on applied game theory).

(This covers three of the four relevant lottery numbers.
For the fourth, see 9/19 and recent discussions of
The End of Mr. Y  (Sunday Dinner and A Link for Sunrise)).

See also Saint  John Neumann.

"He gazed out of the window hoping that somehow everything could make sense to him."

— "Passing in Silence," by Oliver Humpage

"You gotta be true to your code." —Sinatra

Exercise: Trace a path from the June 27 NY Lottery numbers
to the above two quotations.  Hint: See Cuernavaca and
Pilgrim's Progress  in TIME Magazine, May 3, 1948.

For some further background, click on the CBS quote above.
I still prefer, as I did in 1948, less  up-to-the-minute developments.

* The title refers to the phrase "the artist's signature."

Trickster

This evening's NY Lottery numbers were 531 and 8372.

Hermeneutics—

From a Google search for "531 Log24"—

The "531" linked to in the Sept. 21, 2008, post above is a mini-drama ending at midnight on 5/31, 2008— the conclusion of Mental Health Month.

And the above 4-digit evening number suggests a search for births on 8/3/72 that yields—

Erika Marozsán, Hungarian actress, 38.

Marozsán starred in "Gloomy Sunday—A Song of Love and Death" (A German/Hungarian film from 1999).

Wikipedia informs us that this "is inaccurately claimed to be the world's longest running film."

Whether Marozsán is a Quaternionist, I do not know.

For love, death, and quaternions, see the post Metaphor from Feb. 22 linked to in this afternoon's Sunday Dinner.

This evening's New York Lottery number was 776.
From this journal's post number 776—

ART WARS:

Lindsay Lohan was back in court today.

"The judge… ordered Lindsay may have no more than one friend
over at a time for the remainder of her house arrest" —Star Magazine

"Winter, spring, summer or fall
All you have to do is call"

— Eustace Tilley

In a Jewish Cathedral

From The New York Times Magazine  of Sunday, April 6, 1986—

"David Rayfiel's Script Magic" by Alex Ward

WHEN THE CALL came last year to revise ''The Morning After,'' Rayfiel was working on a screenplay about the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire for Barbra Streisand and Jane Fonda. He has now resumed work— as the principal writer, not the reviser— on that script. But chances are good that he will have further interruptions. Pollack will probably call and say, as he usually does, ''David, I need access to your brain.'' And Rayfiel will probably say, as he usually does, ''That's O.K., I'm not using it.'' He will revise another script, and be reluctant about taking credit for it.

''I guess it's like the medieval stonecutters who worked on the cathedrals,'' he says. ''There's all that elaborate work. The saints were carved by one guy, the cherubs by someone else. They didn't care about getting credit, they knew what they'd done. I'm like that. I'm the guy who does the cherubs.''

Related material:

Proginoskes in this journal and Abracadabra from the midnight of June 18-19.

See also Rayfiel's obituary in today"s Times .

For some quite different work, also  from April 1986, see—

Oslo: Points and Hyperplanes.

Thomas N. Armstrong III, a former director of the Whitney Museum of American Art, died at 78 on Monday in Manhattan.

William Grimes in this morning's New York Times—

"… Mr. Armstrong set about strengthening the museum’s permanent collection, buying Frank Stella’s 1959 black painting “Die Fahne Hoch!” for $75,000 in 1977…."

See also "Fahne Hoch" in this journal and the following from the date of Armstrong's death—

"Sunrise — Hast thou a Flag for me?" — Emily Dickinson

Related material: Piracy Project and, from Flag Day,
"Dawn's Early Light" and "Expressionistic Depth."

This post was suggested by a book advertised
above A. Whitney Ellsworth's obituary in tonight's 
online New York Times .

See also the following illustrations—

From this journal on June 1, 2008:

Click for background

From artist Steve Richards on January 14, 2010:

Click to enlarge

In memory of A. Whitney Ellsworth, first publisher of
The New York Review of Books , who died at 75
on Saturday—

The Review  has sometimes been cited in this journal.

See also posts from the date of Ellsworth's death—

• Tracking Shot
  
• Plato's Pheedo
  
• Gate of Ivory
  
• Here Be Dragons, and
• Ad Meld
  

Step One

Step Two

Step Three

For further details, click on step two.

"… such a long, long time ago" — Harry Chapin

"Oh, I've got something inside me
To drive a princess blind.
There's a wild man, wizard, he's hiding in me
Illuminating my mind."

-- Harry Chapin

And she said, "How are you, Harry?"

(Continued from June 14)

From tonight's midnight post—

“Stranger, dreams verily are baffling and unclear of meaning,
and in no wise do they find fulfillment in all things for men.

For two are the gates of shadowy dreams,
and one is fashioned of horn and one of ivory.
Those dreams that pass through the gate of sawn ivory
deceive men, bringing words that find no fulfillment.
But those that come forth through the gate of polished horn
bring true issues to pass, when any mortal sees them."

Homer, Odyssey , Book 19

Tracking Shot

Related material—

See also this journal's September 2009 posts.

This  post was suggested by today's previous post and by today's NY Lottery.
For some background to the ioncinema.com post numbered 4210 above,
see, in conjunction with the page headed "Azazel" linked to here earlier today,
the ioncinema.com post numbered 5601.

From the post numbered 460 in this  journal—

At the still point… from the film "Absolute Power" :

Photo credit – Graham Kuhn

I’ve heard of affairs that are strictly plutonic,
But diamonds are a girl’s best friend!

— Marilyn Monroe, modeling a Freudian slip

"Philosophy seeks not absolute first principles,
nor yet purely immediate insights,
but the self-mediation of the system of truth,
and an insight into this self-mediation."

— Josiah Royce in his article "Axiom" in Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics ,
edited by James Hastings (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910),
Vol. II, pp. 279-282, on page 282.

Related material: Time and Chance (Dec. 17, 2010).

This morning's exercise in lottery hermeneutics is unusually difficult.

Yesterday was Bloomsday (the date described in
James Joyce's Ulysses ) and the New York Lottery numbers were…

Midday  numbers:  3-digit 181, 4-digit 9219.

Evening numbers: 3-digit 478, 4-digit 6449.

For 181 and 9219, see the following—

"With respect to every event, we must ask
 which element has been subjected directly to change."
— Ferdinand de Saussure, Course in General Linguistics
   (New York, The Philosophical Library, Inc., 1959), page 181

That Saussure page number was referenced in the following thesis
on James Joyce's other major novel, Finnegans Wake—

The thesis is from the University of Vienna (Universität Wien ).

The word Wien , in the derived form denoting an inhabitant of that city,
figured prominently in yesterday's news.

As for the evening numbers—

478 perhaps signifies the year 478 BC,
cited in Lawrence Durrell's Sicilian Carousel  as the year
the ruler Gelon died.

For the evening 6449, note that the poem by Wallace Stevens quoted
here on June 15 in A for Anastasios deals with "the river of rivers"…
perhaps signifying time.

Interpreting 6449 chronologically yields 6/4/49.

The film artist  John Huston, discussed in an essay from that date,
might appreciate the representation of the ancient Sicilian
river god Gelas as a man-headed bull on a coin from
around the year 478 BC.

For some perceptive remarks about Durrell, see the
article by Nigel Dennis in LIFE magazine's Nov. 21, 1960
issue (with cover noting Kennedy's victory in that year's
presidential election).

All of the above may be viewed as an approach to the aesthetic
problem posed by Dennis in yesterday's Bloomsday post—

"The problem that arises with this sort of writing is
one of form, i.e. , how to make one strong parcel
out of so many differently shaped commodities,
how to impose method on what would otherwise
be madness."

"The world has gone mad today…." — Cole Porter

For some related remarks, see page 161 of
Joyce's Catholic Comedy of Language *
by Beryl Schlossman (U. of Wisconsin Press, 1985)
and James Joyce in the final pages of The Left Hand of God
by Adolf Holl.

* Update of July 6, 2011—
This title is a correction from the previous title
given here, Moral Language  by Mary Gore Forrester.
Google Books had Schlossman's content previewed
under Forrester's title.

(A note for Bloomsday)

The New York Times  today on a new show by tightrope artist Philippe Petit—

“He comes out of that really wonderful European tradition of street performance— it blends a boundary of what’s art and what’s life,” said Jay Wegman, the director of the Abrons Arts Center, who offered Mr. Petit the three-night run. “He’s also kind of mischievous, not in a threatening or evil way, but in a child’s way of teasing and having fun.”

For a much darker approach to street performance that also involves mischief and blended boundaries, see "Tightrope" (1984)—

Background: Men in Feminism , edited by Alice Jardine and
published by Taylor & Francis in 1987, "Walking the Tightrope
of Feminism and Male Desire," by Judith Mayne, page 64

See also yesterday's Another Opening and Football in this journal.

"Turn your head and cough."

Note that the structure of the central flag above is not unlike that of the skull and crossbones flag.

O say can you see…?

But seriously—
Degreeless Noon—

Click to enlarge.
“My card.”

Related material:

"Start the new year off with a new job at Pheedo."

See January 1, 2, 3 of 2010.

Click to enlarge

Related material: Oscar Day 2007

Yesterday was the anniversary of "Raiders of the Lost Ark."

"And thirty years,
   in the galaxies of birth,

Are time for counting
   and remembering…."

— Wallace Stevens,
   "Of Ideal Time and Choice"

Thirty years and a day after "Raiders" opened…
 a more tranquil religious meditation.

Click images for further details.

See also Job: A Comedy of Justice  and
the death of Wolf Birger, reportedly on D-Day.

Ben Brantley in The New York Times  on May 26—

While you theatergoing butterflies out there keep nattering on about the Tonys— who will win, who should win, and so on— I have been focused on an issue of far greater momentousness and urgency. That’s the shameful squandering on Broadway of what our country would seem to believe is our most valued (and infinitely exploitable) natural resource: our celebrities….

Lindsay Lohan: This undeniably talented (and for all intents and purposes, former) film actress poses a special challenge. Her only recent work appears to have been as a paparazzi model and professional partygoer, and a big, line-laden dramatic part like Blanche DuBois might be too onerous to start with. So why not put her in the Broadway premiere of “Finishing the Picture,” a late-career Arthur Miller play inspired by the travails of making a movie (“The Misfits”) with his wife Marilyn Monroe? Having seen a production of this play in Chicago, I can testify that the Marilyn part requires only that the actress playing her be willing to appear asleep and stupefied and, briefly, to walk across the stage naked. For Ms. Lohan, who credibly impersonated Marilyn for a New York magazine photo shoot, this ought to be a cinch. Should an eight-performance week prove too taxing, I suggest Paris Hilton for matinees.

This midnight post was suggested by Sunday's midday 4-digit NY Lottery number, 7286, and by the following web pages:

7286 Style by Lindsay Lohan and 7286 Prisoner Transport.

Some background from a third 7286 web page—

Starlet Lindsay Lohan is bringing her signature Hollywood style to the masses with her new 7286 line. The starlet's stylish stamp is on every aspect of the line, from the name (7-2-86 is her birthday) to the brand's tag line : "Give a girl the right handbag, and she can conquer the world!"

Magic Time!

           For fans of Douglas Adams and St. Augustine

Update of 2:20 AM June 13:

For the midday "042" as a reference to Adams, see Wikipedia. The "828" may be interpreted as a reference to St. Augustine's feast day, 8/28… or, for the more secularly minded, a reference to the time 8:28 PM (to go with the evening "0845" as a reference to 8:45 PM). For further details, see Times of the Times . The midday "7286" is more difficult. See midnight's Broadway Cinderella.

See also June 2, 2007, and June 19, 2010,
as well as Kernel of Eternity in this journal.

Some background— Square of Opposition
in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
and Deep Structures in this journal.

" Try this one."

Godfather

"Mr. Messina is no ordinary Twitter user. The self-described
'hash godfather,' he officially invented the Twitter hashtag
in August 2007…."

— Ashley Parker (page ST1 of tomorrow's
    NY Times  National Edition)

But seriously—
Degreeless Noon—

Click to enlarge.
“My card.”

Meet Max

Also* in today's New York Times —

The Times  piece is about Max Mathews, computer-music pioneer,
who died at 84 on Maundy Thursday, April 21.

* See Historical Fiction, 1 PM ET

… But perhaps not a supreme  fiction.

"When we left the theater, my son and I knew we had experienced the most thrilling movie of the summer. 'First Class' is narratively lean, beautifully acted and, at all the right moments, visually stunning. But I had experienced something else. My son is 10 and a romantic, as all 10-year-olds surely have the right to be. How then do I speak to him of this world’s masterminds who render you a supporting actor in your own story?"

Robert A. Heinlein—

    "How about those empty universes?" I demanded.
    "Maybe they are places about which stories will be written
or maybe stories have already been told but aren't favorites
of us four, so we don't emerge close to their scenes.
But those are guesses. So far as my theory is concerned,
such Universes are 'null' — they don't count one way or the other.
We find our  universes."
    "Sharpie, you have just invented pantheistic multiperson solipsism.
I didn't think it was mathematically possible."
    "Zeb, anything  is mathematically possible."
    "Thanks, Jacob. Zebbie, 'solipsism' is a buzz word. I'm saying that
we've stumbled onto 'The Door in the Wall,' the one that leads to
the Land of Heart's Desire. I don't know how and have no use for
fancy rationalizations. I see a pattern; I'm not trying to explain it.
It just is ."

Ernest Hemingway—

"Isn't it pretty to think so?"

Today's midday NY lottery number was 176.

An occurrence of that number in this journal—

Umberto Eco,
Foucault’s Pendulum, page 176:

Here, too, you entered through a little garden…

Here is a picture of 176.

Continued from D-Day eight years ago…

See also Savage Detectives and Two Writers Walk Into a Bar.

"… a little mystery to figure out…." — Bonnie Raitt, 1991

Two writers walk into a bar…
(A phrase from Immoveable Feast on May 28, 2005. See also May 28 this  year.)

Yesterday's post First Class featured a picture of Mystique.

A related passage* from a book pictured here May 28—

See also Wallace Stevens on the Center.

* on participation mystique — "The primitive mind
does not differentiate the supernatural from reality,
but rather uses 'mystical participation'
to manipulate the world."
— Wikipedia

'X-Men: First Class' Does
Good Midnight Business

“Madame, all stories, if continued far enough, end in death,
and he is no true-story teller who would keep that from you.”
– Ernest Hemingway,
   Death in the Afternoon, Ch. 11

“There is never any ending to Paris….”
– Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast

See also Back from the Shadows.

This morning's previous post suggests the following…

* See May 16.

Today is Commencement Day at MIT.

Well, perhaps not quite nothing.

The above pictures were posted here on the day the following book was published—

The lives of the nine Jews in the above book amount to more than Yau's "nothing."

Note, however, that claims by Jews (see Jill Abramson yesterday) 
that their secular publications constitute a substitute for religion
and contain only "absolute truth" should be viewed with at least one
raised eyebrow.

Abramson's remark yesterday that her promotion to New York Times  executive editor
was like "ascending to Valhalla" had a religious flavor worthy of yesterday's
Feast of the Ascension.

In related news from yesterday's Times—

See also a symbol related to Apollo, to nine, and to "nothing"—

A minimalist 3×3 matrix favicon—

This may, if one likes, be viewed as the "nothing"
present at the Creation.  See Jim Holt on physics.

See today's NY lottery numbers* and Gravity's Rainbow , pp. 656-657.
(Penguin Classics paperback, June 1, 1995.)

"Show me all  the blueprints."
— Howard Hughes, according to Hollywood

* Readers new to lottery hermeneutics may consult
  some remarks by Stuart Moulthrop.

"I hope with all my heart that his gallant little soul may find its Door into Summer…."

A Meditation on the NY Lottery of May 29

Yesterday's NY Lottery— Midday 981, Evening 275.

As noted in yesterday  morning's linked-to post,
The Shining of May 29…

"By groping toward the light we are made to realize
how deep the darkness is around us."
— Arthur Koestler, The Call Girls: A Tragi-Comedy ,
Random House, 1973, page 118

One interpretation of the mystic numbers revealed by the Lottery yesterday—

981 as the final page* of David Foster Wallace's famed novel Infinite Jest …

275 as a page in Wallace's non-fiction book about infinity Everything and More …

  Gregory Chaitin points out that this is nonsense …

As noted elsewhere in this journal, I have a different concept of "math's absolute
Prince of Darkness"— and, indeed, of a "quest for Omega." (See posts of May 2010.)

Yesterday's numbers indicate a different struggle between darkness and light—

Light —

Darkness —

* From infinitesummer.org/archives/168 — "A note about editions:
As it turns out, all (physical) editions of Infinite  Jest  have 981 pages:
the one from 1996, the one from 2004, the paperback, the hardcover, etc.
A big thank you to the men and women in the publishing industry who
were kind and/or lazy enough to keep things consistent."

"You think you've seen the sun but you ain't seen it shine."

— "The Best Is Yet to Come," lyrics by Carolyn Leigh, music by Cy Coleman

Related material— The Shining of May 29.

Background— Midnight's post.

This journal on the above "Take a Number" Dairy Queen date—

Against the Day

    New York Lottery, May 28, 2011—

Page 548

General Boulanger
That the General was 'reactionary' and that the C of C bureaucracy had a 'defiant residue' of Boulangism, continues the characterization of the organization for which the Chums 'work'.

See p. 543 above, regarding a 2007 book in which Boulanger is called the 'father of fascism'.

timbres fictifs
French: fictive postage stamps. Cf "Lot 49".
Yes, stamps mean something in Pynchon's works; here, it seems important that these stamps are characterized as frauds.

Page 935

transform
A mathematical operation that "maps" a relation from one domain to another.

Here, "Belgian Congo" maps to "Balkan Penninsula". By 1912, everyone at Yz-le-Bans would be familiar with Conrad's Heart of Darkness , if not with other descriptions of the atrocities of exploitation of indigenous people in Congo. The conversation here and to follow describes the dawning realization of the imperialist exploitation of Eastern Europe by European powers. (Zora Neale Hurston famously commented that Hitler did in Europe what Europeans had been doing in Africa for a century. Cf. The Hereros sections in V .). It begins with railroads and "other straight line" constructions.

The themes of ATD might also "map" to current events in another warzone, where a contemporary Great Game is being played out.

common in dreams
Such as Frank's and Reef's. And/or, dreams require interpretation.

Max Black "notes, for instance, that in a study on wolves,
the implications of the metaphor 'Man is a wolf' will be
different than they might be in everyday discourse."

Alec Baldwin and Anthony Hopkins
in "The Edge" (1997)

From an obituary in today's New York Times—

"His daughter Jessamyn West said he was driven 'to understand everything.'

'He knew a million things — it didn’t matter:
worms, plumbing, literature. He could give you
a discourse. It seemed like he could never rest
until he had a sense of control over the things around him.'"

From "Meet Joe Black" (1998)—

“Should I be afraid?”

“Not a man like you.”

See a search for maltesecross.jpg in this journal.

It is not enough to cover the rock with leaves.
We must be cured of it by a cure of the ground
Or a cure of ourselves, that is equal to a cure

Of the ground, a cure beyond forgetfulness.
And yet the leaves, if they broke into bud,
If they broke into bloom, if they bore fruit,

And if we ate the incipient colorings
Of their fresh culls might be a cure of the ground.

— "The Rock," a poem by Wallace Stevens from
a section with the same title in the Collected Poems .

"A little bit of Las Vegas in the 1960s has
splashed down Off Broadway…. Actually,
the show as a whole could benefit from a softer sell."

— Charles Isherwood's review of
    "The Best Is Yet to Come"
    on page C1, NY edition, today's NY Times

"Out of the tree of life I just picked me a plum…"

Related material — The Big Bang and Definitive.

Background — The Hero with a Thousand Faces and the Space link in Asterisk.

* See yesterday's "Life's Persistent Questions."

This morning's previous post quoted a reader on the NY Times  "Stoner" series. A different Stoner story—

"Most mysteries begin in confusion and end in certainty; Pynchon likes to change this trajectory, so that what begins a mystery ends as pure chaos. (Well aware how frustrating some readers find this, Pynchon sets up a running gag in Inherent Vice  about a class action suit brought against MGM by audiences who don't like the way its stories end.)"

— Sarah Churchwell in the Guardian , Sunday, July 26, 2009

For a pure-chaos ending that can't be blamed on MGM, see this morning's online New York Times .

A perhaps happier ending— That of the author of the Irish Wine  trilogy, Dick Wimmer, who died on Wednesday.  We may imagine Wimmer enjoying the afterlife with Bing and Grace. See Log24 on the date of the above Guardian  review.

Moments Divine, Rapture Serene

Heisenberg on Heraclitus

From Physics and Philosophy , by Werner Heisenberg, 1958, reprinted by Penguin Classics, 2003—

Page 28—

… In the philosophy of Heraclitus of Ephesus the concept of Becoming occupies the foremost
place. He regarded that which moves, the fire, as the basic element. The difficulty, to reconcile
the idea of one fundamental principle with the infinite variety of phenomena, is solved for him by
recognizing that the strife of the opposites is really a kind of harmony. For Heraclitus the world is
at once one and many, it is just 'the opposite tension' of the opposites that constitutes the unity
of the One. He says: 'We must know that war is common to all and strife is justice, and that all
things come into being and pass away through strife.'

Looking back to the development of Greek philosophy up to this point one realizes that it has
been borne from the beginning to this

Page 29—

stage by the tension between the One and the Many. For our senses the world consists of an
infinite variety of things and events, colors and sounds. But in order to understand it we have to
introduce some kind of order, and order means to recognize what is equal, it means some sort
of unity. From this springs the belief that there is one fundamental principle, and at the same
time the difficulty to derive from it the infinite variety of things. That there should be a material
cause for all things was a natural starting point since the world consists of matter. But when one
carried the idea of fundamental unity to the extreme one came to that infinite and eternal
undifferentiated Being which, whether material or not, cannot in itself explain the infinite variety
of things. This leads to the antithesis of Being and Becoming and finally to the solution of
Heraclitus, that the change itself is the fundamental principle; the 'imperishable change, that
renovates the world,' as the poets have called it. But the change in itself is not a material cause
and therefore is represented in the philosophy of Heraclitus by the fire as the basic element,
which is both matter and a moving force.

We may remark at this point that modern physics is in some way extremely near to the
doctrines of Heraclitus. If we replace the word 'fire' by the word 'energy' we can almost repeat
his statements word for word from our modern point of view. Energy is in fact the substance
from which all elementary particles, all atoms and therefore all things are made, and energy is
that which moves. Energy is a substance, since its total amount does not change, and the
elementary particles can actually be made from this substance as is seen in many experiments on
the creation of elementary particles. Energy can be changed into motion, into heat, into light
and into tension. Energy may be called the fundamental cause for all change in the world. But this
comparison of Greek philosophy with the ideas of modern science will be discussed later.

* See earlier uses of the phrase in this journal. Further background— Hopkins and Heraclitus.