Log24

Thursday, November 22, 2018

Rosenhain and Göpel Meet Kummer in Projective 3-Space

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 2:07 pm

For further details, see finitegeometry.org/sc/35/hudson.html.

Tuesday, May 24, 2016

Rosenhain and Göpel Revisited

The authors Taormina and Wendland in the previous post
discussed some mathematics they apparently did not know was
related to a classic 1905 book by R. W. H. T. Hudson, Kummer's
Quartic Surface
.

"This famous book is a prototype for the possibility
of explaining and exploring a many-faceted topic of
research, without focussing on general definitions,
formal techniques, or even fancy machinery. In this
regard, the book still stands as a highly recommendable,
unparalleled introduction to Kummer surfaces, as a
permanent source of inspiration and, last but not least, 
as an everlasting symbol of mathematical culture."

— Werner Kleinert, Mathematical Reviews ,
     as quoted at Amazon.com

Some 4×4 diagrams from that book are highly relevant to the
discussion by Taormina and Wendland of the 4×4 squares within
the 1974 Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis that were later,
in 1987, described by Curtis as pictures of the vector 4-space over
the two-element Galois field GF(2).

Hudson did not think of his 4×4 diagrams as illustrating a vector space,
but he did use them to picture certain subsets of the 16 cells in each
diagram that he called Rosenhain and Göpel tetrads .

Some related work of my own (click images for related posts)—

Rosenhain tetrads as 20 of the 35 projective lines in PG(3,2)

IMAGE- Desargues's theorem in light of Galois geometry

Göpel tetrads as 15 of the 35 projective lines in PG(3,2)

Anticommuting Dirac matrices as spreads of projective lines

Related terminology describing the Göpel tetrads above

Ron Shaw on symplectic geometry and a linear complex in PG(3,2)

Sunday, June 22, 2014

Göpel and Rosenhain

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , — m759 @ 10:00 am

(Continued)

Some bizarre remarks on “purity” in the previous post
suggest a review of some pure  mathematics.

Wednesday, March 5, 2014

Rosenhain and Göpel Again

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 8:25 pm

IMAGE- Rosenhain, Göpel, and hyperelliptic curves

See also Rosenhain and Göpel in the Wikipedia
article Kummer surface, and in this journal.

Related material: user @hyperelliptic on Twitter.

Saturday, February 15, 2014

Rosenhain and Göpel

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , — m759 @ 11:00 pm

(Continued)

See The Oslo Version in this journal and the New Year’s Day 2014 post.
The pictures of the 56 spreads in that post (shown below) are based on
the 20 Rosenhain and 15 Göpel tetrads that make up the 35 lines of
PG(3,2), the finite projective 3-space over the 2-element Galois field.

IMAGE- The 56 spreads in PG(3,2)

Click for a larger image.

Thursday, April 25, 2013

Rosenhain and Göpel Revisited

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 5:24 pm

Some historical background for today's note on the geometry
underlying the Curtis Miracle Octad Generator (MOG):

IMAGE- Bateman in 1906 on Rosenhain and Göpel tetrads

The above incidence diagram recalls those in today's previous post
on the MOG, which is used to construct the large Mathieu group M24.

For some related material that is more up-to-date, search the Web
for Mathieu + Kummer .

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Geometry of Göpel Tetrads (continued)

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 7:00 pm

An update to Rosenhain and Göpel Tetrads in PG(3,2) 
supplies some background from
Notes on Groups and Geometry, 1978-1986,
and from a 2002 AMS Transactions  paper.

IMAGE- Göpel tetrads in an inscape, April 1986

Wednesday, December 20, 2023

Humanities Copilot

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 2:48 pm

Tyler Austin Harper  in The Atlantic  yesterday

"If we have any hope of resuscitating fields like English and history,
we must rescue the humanities from the utilitarian appraisals that
both their champions and their critics subject them to. We need to
recognize that the conservatives are right, albeit not in the way
they think: The humanities are  useless in many senses of the term.
But that doesn’t mean they’re without value."

"English and history" and pure mathematics.

Perhaps AI can help . . .

Microsoft's Copilot AI on Monday, Dec. 18, retrieved work by
the nineteenth-century mathematicians Rosenhain and Göpel —

Tuesday, December 19, 2023

Copilot Report

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 12:16 am
 
From Microsoft Copilot (with "Precise" setting)
on Dec. 18, 2023 —
 
How is the 1910 work of G. M. Conwell on PG(3,2) related to the Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis?

Searching for: Relation between G. M. Conwell work on PG(3,2) and Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis

Searching for: Relation between G. M. Conwell work on PG(3,2) and Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis explained

Generating answers for you…

The work of George M. Conwell on the finite projective 3-space PG(3,2) and the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis are both significant contributions to the field of combinatorial mathematics12.

Conwell’s work on PG(3,2) provided a detailed study of the structure of this finite projective space1On the other hand, the MOG is a tool for exploring the binary Golay code and its automorphism group M242.

The connection between these two works lies in the underlying combinatorial structures they explore. The Rosenhain and Göpel tetrads, which are key structures in the finite geometry PG(3,2), play a significant role in the Curtis Miracle Octad Generator3These structures provide a link between the finite geometric structures studied by Conwell and the combinatorial structures generated by the MOG3.

For a more detailed understanding of this connection, I recommend checking out the resources mentioned in the references123. If you have any specific questions about the concepts in these works, feel free to ask! I’ll do my best to help.

Learn more

5 archive.org
_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________


DOCUMENT SUMMARY (generated by Copilot)
of reference 3 above, from academia.edu —
"Rosenhain and Göpel Tetrads in PG(3,2),"
by Steven H. Cullinane on March 17, 2013

Here is a summary of the document:

Reference:
 
Copilot suggestions following document summary —
 



Correction:

"Subsets of four points in a projective 3-space" above is a Copilot error, and not
from the document being summarized. It should be "subsets of four points in an
affine 4-space."

Wednesday, February 23, 2022

The Unity of Mathematics

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 11:30 pm

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/
A_History_of_Mathematics/
Recent_Times/Theory_of_Functions

See also Gopel in this  journal.

Tuesday, April 3, 2018

Easter at Cambridge

Filed under: General,Geometry — m759 @ 11:33 pm

Three geometric readings, in chronological order —

Saturday, April 15, 2017

Pip

Filed under: General — m759 @ 1:01 pm

The title is from a poem in The New Yorker  last December —

. . . pip trapped inside, god’s
knucklebone . . . .

The conclusion of yesterday's Google Image Search for Göpel Inscape

See also "Pray to Apollo" in this journal.

Friday, April 14, 2017

For the Sunshine Girls*

Filed under: General — m759 @ 9:45 pm

Click image to enlarge.

From a 'Göpel Inscape' image search on the evening of Good Friday 2017

* For the title, see "Sunshine Girls" in this journal. 

Monday, September 12, 2016

The Kummer Lattice

The previous post quoted Tom Wolfe on Chomsky's use of
the word "array." 

An example of particular interest is the 4×4  array
(whether of dots or of unit squares) —

      .

Some context for the 4×4 array —

The following definition indicates that the 4×4 array, when
suitably coordinatized, underlies the Kummer lattice .

Further background on the Kummer lattice:

Alice Garbagnati and Alessandra Sarti, 
"Kummer Surfaces and K3 surfaces
with $(Z/2Z)^4$ symplectic action." 
To appear in Rocky Mountain J. Math.

The above article is written from the viewpoint of traditional
algebraic geometry. For a less traditional view of the underlying
affine 4-space from finite  geometry, see the website
Finite Geometry of the Square and Cube.

Some further context

"To our knowledge, the relation of the Golay code
to the Kummer lattice is a new observation."

— Anne Taormina and Katrin Wendland,
"The overarching finite symmetry group of
Kummer surfaces in the Mathieu group M24 
"

As noted earlier, Taormina and Wendland seem not to be aware of
R. W. H. T. Hudson's use of the (uncoordinatized*) 4×4 array in his
1905 book Kummer's Quartic Surface.  The array was coordinatized,
i.e. given a "vector space structure," by Cullinane eight years prior to
the cited remarks of Curtis.

* Update of Sept. 14: "Uncoordinatized," but parametrized  by 0 and
the 15 two-subsets of a six-set. See the post of Sept. 13.

Monday, August 15, 2016

Google as Galatea …

Filed under: General — m759 @ 4:00 pm

Today Reviews the Concept of "Göpel Inscape ."

Shown below is a condensed version of
Google-as-Galatea's full 11.7 MB image search
based on the two words Göpel inscape .​
 

Wednesday, June 17, 2015

Slow Art, Continued

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , — m759 @ 10:01 am

The title of the previous post, "Slow Art," is a phrase
of the late art critic Robert Hughes.

Example from mathematics:

  • Göpel tetrads as subsets of a 4×4 square in the classic
    1905 book Kummer's Quartic Surface  by R. W. H. T. Hudson.
    These subsets were constructed as helpful schematic diagrams,
    without any reference to the concept of finite  geometry they
    were later to embody.
     
  • Göpel tetrads (not named as such), again as subsets of
    a 4×4 square, that form the 15 isotropic projective lines of the
    finite projective 3-space PG(3,2) in a note on finite geometry
    from 1986 —

    Göpel tetrads in an inscape, April 1986

  • Göpel tetrads as these figures of finite  geometry in a 1990
    foreword to the reissued 1905 book of Hudson:

IMAGE- Galois geometry in Wolf Barth's 1990 foreword to Hudson's 1905 'Kummer's Quartic Surface'

Click the Barth passage to see it with its surrounding text.

Related material:

Wednesday, June 10, 2015

Epistemic* Tetrads

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 12:45 pm

"Those that can be obtained…." —

Related music video: Waterloo.

* "In defense of the epistemic view of quantum states:
a toy theory," by Robert W. Spekkens, Perimeter Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Canada 

Thursday, January 1, 2015

Fifteen for 2015

Filed under: General,Geometry — m759 @ 8:00 pm

The title refers to a set of fifteen Göpel tetrads
that form the lines of a Cremona-Richmond configuration .  

"Spiel ist nicht Spielerei. 
Es hat hohen Ernst 
und tiefe Bedeutung."

— Friedrich W.A. Fröbel
    (1782-1852)

Tuesday, September 9, 2014

Smoke and Mirrors

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 11:00 am

This post is continued from a March 12, 2013, post titled
"Smoke and Mirrors" on art in Tromsø, Norway, and from
a June 22, 2014, post on the nineteenth-century 
mathematicians Rosenhain and Göpel.

The latter day was the day of death for 
mathematician Loren D. Olson, Harvard '64.

For some background on that June 22 post, see the tag 
Rosenhain and Göpel in this journal.

Some background on Olson, who taught at the
University of Tromsø, from the American Mathematical
Society yesterday:

Olson died not long after attending the 50th reunion of the
Harvard Class of 1964.

For another connection between that class (also my own) 
and Tromsø, see posts tagged "Elegantly Packaged."
This phrase was taken from today's (print) 
New York Times  review of a new play titled "Smoke."
The phrase refers here  to the following "package" for 
some mathematical objects that were named after 
Rosenhain and Göpel — a 4×4 array —

For the way these objects were packaged within the array
in 1905 by British mathematician R. W. H. T. Hudson, see
a page at finitegometry.org/sc. For the connection to the art 
in Tromsø mentioned above, see the diamond theorem.

Sunday, August 24, 2014

Symplectic Structure…

In the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG):

The above details from a one-page note of April 26, 1986, refer to the
Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis, as it was published in 1976:

http://www.log24.com/log/pix10A/100514-Curtis1976MOG.jpg

From R. T. Curtis (1976). A new combinatorial approach to M24,
Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society ,
79, pp 25-42. doi:10.1017/S0305004100052075.

The 1986 note assumed that the reader would be able to supply, from the
MOG itself, the missing top row of each heavy brick.

Note that the interchange of the two squares in the top row of each
heavy brick induces the diamond-theorem correlation.

Note also that the 20 pictured 3-subsets of a 6-set in the 1986 note
occur as paired complements  in two pictures, each showing 10 of the
3-subsets.

This pair of pictures corresponds to the 20 Rosenhain tetrads  among
the 35 lines of PG(3,2), while the picture showing the 2-subsets
corresponds to the 15 Göpel tetrads  among the 35 lines.

See Rosenhain and Göpel tetrads in PG(3,2). Some further background:

Friday, August 15, 2014

The Omega Matrix

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 11:00 pm

(Continued)

The webpage Rosenhain and Göpel Tetrads in PG(3,2)
has been updated to include more material on symplectic structure.

Monday, August 4, 2014

A Wrinkle in Space

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , — m759 @ 10:30 am

"There is  such a thing as a tesseract." — Madeleine L'Engle

An approach via the Omega Matrix:

http://www.log24.com/log/pix10A/100619-TesseractAnd4x4.gif

See, too, Rosenhain and Göpel as The Shadow Guests .

Friday, August 1, 2014

The Diamond-Theorem Correlation

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , — m759 @ 2:00 am

Click image for a larger, clearer version.

IMAGE- The symplectic correlation underlying Rosenhain and Göpel tetrads

Sunday, June 8, 2014

Vide

Some background on the large Desargues configuration

"The relevance of a geometric theorem is determined by what the theorem
tells us about space, and not by the eventual difficulty of the proof."

— Gian-Carlo Rota discussing the theorem of Desargues

What space  tells us about the theorem :  

In the simplest case of a projective space  (as opposed to a plane ),
there are 15 points and 35 lines: 15 Göpel  lines and 20 Rosenhain  lines.*
The theorem of Desargues in this simplest case is essentially a symmetry
within the set of 20 Rosenhain lines. The symmetry, a reflection
about the main diagonal in the square model of this space, interchanges
10 horizontally oriented (row-based) lines with 10 corresponding
vertically oriented (column-based) lines.

Vide  Classical Geometry in Light of Galois Geometry.

* Update of June 9: For a more traditional nomenclature, see (for instance)
R. Shaw, 1995.  The "simplest case" link above was added to point out that
the two types of lines named are derived from a natural symplectic polarity 
in the space. The square model of the space, apparently first described in
notes written in October and December, 1978, makes this polarity clearly visible:

A coordinate-free approach to symplectic structure

Saturday, September 21, 2013

Geometric Incarnation

The  Kummer 166  configuration  is the configuration of sixteen
6-sets within a 4×4 square array of points in which each 6-set
is determined by one of the 16 points of the array and
consists of the 3 other points in that point's row and the
3 other points in that point's column.

See Configurations and Squares.

The Wikipedia article Kummer surface  uses a rather poetic
phrase* to describe the relationship of the 166 to a number
of other mathematical concepts — "geometric incarnation."

Geometric Incarnation in the Galois Tesseract

Related material from finitegeometry.org —

IMAGE- 4x4 Geometry: Rosenhain and Göpel Tetrads and the Kummer Configuration

* Apparently from David Lehavi on March 18, 2007, at Citizendium .

Saturday, April 13, 2013

Princeton’s Christopher Robin

The title is that of a talk (see video) given by
George Dyson at a Princeton land preservation trust,
reportedly on March 21, 2013.  The talk's subtitle was
"Oswald Veblen and the Six-hundred-acre Woods."

Meanwhile

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Geometry of Göpel Tetrads (continued)

m759 @ 7:00 PM

An update to Rosenhain and Göpel Tetrads in PG(3,2)
supplies some background from
Notes on Groups and Geometry, 1978-1986,
and from a 2002 AMS Transactions  paper.

IMAGE- Göpel tetrads in an inscape, April 1986

Related material for those who prefer narrative
to mathematics:

Log24 on June 6, 2006:

 

The Omen:


Now we are 
 

6!

Related material for those who prefer mathematics
to narrative:

What the Omen narrative above and the mathematics of Veblen
have in common is the number 6. Veblen, who came to
Princeton in 1905 and later helped establish the Institute,
wrote extensively on projective geometry.  As the British
geometer H. F. Baker pointed out,  6 is a rather important number
in that discipline.  For the connection of 6 to the Göpel tetrads
figure above from March 21, see a note from May 1986.

See also last night's Veblen and Young in Light of Galois.

"There is  such a thing as a tesseract." — Madeleine L'Engle

Monday, April 8, 2013

Star Wars

Filed under: General — m759 @ 11:01 am

See searches in this journal for Balliol and for Star Quality.

Related material:

Above: A Google image search for Göpel tetrads  today. Click to enlarge.

Thursday, March 28, 2013

Wunderkammer

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 11:30 am

The title is from a New York Times  article
by Roberta Smith on the Barnes collection
(see previous post):

“Nearly every room is an exhibition
unto itself— a kind of art wunderkammer,
or cabinet of curiosities….”

Another sort of Wunderkammer:

Shown above is a Google image search today for Göpel tetrads .

The selected detail is an Oct. 7, 2011, image search
for claves regni caelorum escher  (2 MB).

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