Continued from earlier posts on Boole vs. Galois.
From a Google image search today for “Galois Boole.”
Click the image to enlarge it.
Sunday, August 14, 2016
The Boole-Galois Games
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Monday, June 26, 2023
Saturday, October 29, 2022
Boolean Halloween
From Log24 posts tagged Boole vs. Galois —
Kauffman‘s fixation on the work of Spencer-Brown is perhaps in part
due to Kauffman’s familiarity with Boolean algebra and his ignorance of
Galois geometry. See other posts now tagged Boole vs. Galois.
See also “A Four-Color Epic” (April 16, 2020).
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Wednesday, October 26, 2022
The Hunt for Galois October
"… Évariste was born on October 25, 1811."
— Eric Temple Bell, Men of Mathematics
Related material —
But seriously . . .
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Tuesday, January 2, 2024
Mathematics Made Absurd: Domain and Range
"… the dominant discourse limits the range
of discussion in each domain…."
— https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2023/11/
the-stagnant-science-mainstream-economics-in-america/
See as well Boole vs. Galois and …
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Thursday, April 6, 2023
Zero Sum
Related elementary mathematics from Google image searches —
Despite the extremely elementary nature of the above tables,
the difference between the binary addition of Boole and that
of Galois seems not to be widely known.
See "The Hunt for Galois October" and "In Memory of a Mississippi Coach."
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Tuesday, December 13, 2022
In Memory of a Mississippi Coach
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Saturday, May 28, 2022
Grothendieck at Chapman …
Last two days of the conference, May 27 and 28, 2022 —
|
27th Friday
9:00 – 10:00 Andrés Villaveces (Univ. Nacional de Colombia):
10:00 – 11:00 Olivia Caramello (Univ. of Insubria; by Zoom): 1:00 – 11:15 Coffee Break
1:15 – 12:15 Mike Shulman (Univ. of San Diego):
12:15 – 1:15 José Gil-Ferez (Chapman Univ.) 1:15 – 2:30 Lunch
2:30 – 3:30 Oumar Wone (Chapman) :
3:30 – 4:30 Claudio Bartocci (Univ. of Genova):
4:30 – 5:30 Christian Houzel (IUFM de Paris): 28th Saturday
9:00 – 10:00 Silvio Ghilardi (Univ. degli Studi, Milano):
10:00 – 11:00 Matteo Viale (Univ. of Turin; by zoom): 11:00 – 11:15 Coffee Break
11:15 – 12:15 Benjamin Collas (RIMS, Kyoto Univ.):
12:15 – 1:15 Closing: general discussion |
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Friday, April 8, 2022
Wednesday, March 30, 2022
Games
Click to enlarge.
Related reading — George Steiner's Fields of Force , on chess in Iceland, and . . .
The New Yorker , article by Sam Knight dated March 28, 2022 —
They went to Björk’s house. She cooked salmon.
She had seen “The Witch” and introduced Eggers
to Sjón, who had written a novel about seventeenth-
century witchcraft in Iceland. When he got home,
Eggers read Sjón’s books. “I was, like, this guy’s
a fucking magician,” Eggers said. “He sees all time,
in time, out of time.”
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Sunday, December 6, 2020
“Binary Coordinates”
The title phrase is ambiguous and should be avoided.
It is used indiscriminately to denote any system of coordinates
written with 0 ‘s and 1 ‘s, whether these two symbols refer to
the Boolean-algebra truth values false and true , to the absence
or presence of elements in a subset , to the elements of the smallest
Galois field, GF(2) , or to the digits of a binary number .
Related material from the Web —
Some related remarks from “Geometry of the 4×4 Square:
Notes by Steven H. Cullinane” (webpage created March 18, 2004) —
A related anonymous change to Wikipedia today —
The deprecated “binary coordinates” phrase occurs in both
old and new versions of the “Square representation” section
on PG(3,2), but at least the misleading remark about Steiner
quadruple systems has been removed.
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Friday, September 11, 2020
Kauffman on Algebra
Kauffman‘s fixation on the work of Spencer-Brown is perhaps in part
due to Kauffman’s familiarity with Boolean algebra and his ignorance of
Galois geometry. See other posts now tagged Boole vs. Galois.
See also “A Four-Color Epic” (April 16, 2020).
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Tuesday, August 13, 2019
Putting the Structure in Structuralism
(From his “Structure and Form: Reflections on a Work by Vladimir Propp.”
Translated from a 1960 work in French. It appeared in English as
Chapter VIII of Structural Anthropology, Volume 2 (U. of Chicago Press, 1976).
Chapter VIII was originally published in Cahiers de l’Institut de Science
Économique Appliquée , No. 9 (Series M, No. 7) (Paris: ISEA, March 1960).)
The structure of the matrix of Lévi-Strauss —
Illustration from Diamond Theory , by Steven H. Cullinane (1976).
The relevant field of mathematics is not Boolean algebra, but rather
Galois geometry.
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Sunday, April 29, 2018
Amusement
From the online New York Times this afternoon:
Disney now holds nine of the top 10
domestic openings of all time —
six of which are part of the Marvel
Cinematic Universe. “The result is
a reflection of 10 years of work:
of developing this universe, creating
stakes as big as they were, characters
that matter and stories and worlds that
people have come to love,” Dave Hollis,
Disney’s president of distribution, said
in a phone interview.
From this journal this morning:
"But she felt there must be more to this
than just the sensation of folding space
over on itself. Surely the Centaurs hadn't
spent ten years telling humanity how to
make a fancy amusement-park ride.
There had to be more—"
— Factoring Humanity , by Robert J. Sawyer,
Tom Doherty Associates, 2004 Orb edition,
page 168
"The sensation of folding space . . . ."
Or unfolding:
Click the above unfolded space for some background.
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Saturday, February 17, 2018
The Binary Revolution
Michael Atiyah on the late Ron Shaw —
Phrases by Atiyah related to the importance in mathematics
of the two-element Galois field GF(2) —
- “The digital revolution based on the 2 symbols (0,1)”
- “The algebra of George Boole”
- “Binary codes”
- “Dirac’s spinors, with their up/down dichotomy”
These phrases are from the year-end review of Trinity College,
Cambridge, Trinity Annual Record 2017 .
I prefer other, purely geometric, reasons for the importance of GF(2) —
- The 2×2 square
- The 2x2x2 cube
- The 4×4 square
- The 4x4x4 cube
See Finite Geometry of the Square and Cube.
See also today’s earlier post God’s Dice and Atiyah on the theology of
(Boolean) algebra vs. (Galois) geometry:
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Thursday, April 20, 2017
Stone Logic
See also "Romancing the Omega" —
Related mathematics — Guitart in this journal —
See also Weyl + Palermo in this journal —
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Sunday, April 16, 2017
Art Space Paradigm Shift
This post’s title is from the tags of the previous post —
The title’s “shift” is in the combined concepts of …
Space and Number
From Finite Jest (May 27, 2012):
The books pictured above are From Discrete to Continuous ,
by Katherine Neal, and Geometrical Landscapes , by Amir Alexander.
For some details of the shift, see a Log24 search for Boole vs. Galois.
From a post found in that search —
“Benedict Cumberbatch Says
a Journey From Fact to Faith
Is at the Heart of Doctor Strange“
— io9 , July 29, 2016
” ‘This man comes from a binary universe
where it’s all about logic,’ the actor told us
at San Diego Comic-Con . . . .
‘And there’s a lot of humor in the collision
between Easter [ sic ] mysticism and
Western scientific, sort of logical binary.’ “
[Typo now corrected, except in a comment.]
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Sunday, January 29, 2017
Lottery Hermeneutics
For some backstory, see Lottery in this journal,
esp. a post of June 28, 2007:
Real Numbers: An Object Lesson.
One such number, 8775, is suggested by
a Heinlein short story in a Jan. 25 post.
A search today for that number —
That Jan. 25 post, "For Your Consideration," also mentions logic.
Logic appears as well within a post from the above "8775" date,
August 16, 2016 —
|
Update of 10 am on August 16, 2016 —
See also Atiyah on the theology of
|
Related: Remarks by Charles Altieri on Wittgenstein in
today's previous post.
For remarks by Wittgenstein related to geometry and logic, see
(for instance) "Logical space" in "A Wittgenstein Dictionary," by
Hans-Johann Glock (Wiley-Blackwell, 1996).
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Friday, November 25, 2016
Priority
Before the monograph "Diamond Theory" was distributed in 1976,
two (at least) notable figures were published that illustrate
symmetry properties of the 4×4 square:
Hudson in 1905 —
Golomb in 1967 —
It is also likely that some figures illustrating Walsh functions as
two-color square arrays were published prior to 1976.
Update of Dec. 7, 2016 —
The earlier 1950's diagrams of Veitch and Karnaugh used the
1's and 0's of Boole, not those of Galois.
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Tuesday, August 16, 2016
Midnight Narrative
The images in the previous post do not lend themselves
to any straightforward narrative. Two portions of the
large image search are, however, suggestive —
Cross and Boolean lattice.
The improvised cross in the second pair of images
is perhaps being wielded to counteract the
Boole of the first pair of images. See the heading
of the webpage that is the source of the lattice
diagram toward which the cross is directed —
Update of 10 am on August 16, 2016 —
See also Atiyah on the theology of
(Boolean) algebra vs. (Galois) geometry:
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Saturday, July 30, 2016
Binary
"Benedict Cumberbatch Says a Journey
From Fact to Faith Is at the Heart of Doctor Strange"
— io9 yesterday
" 'This man comes from a binary universe where it’s all about logic,'
the actor told us at San Diego Comic-Con . . . .
'And there’s a lot of humor in the collision between Easter [sic ]
mysticism and Western scientific, sort of logical binary.' "
Related material — Strange Awards, April 14, 2016.
I prefer a different sort of journey. See Boole vs. Galois.
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Wednesday, July 20, 2016
Weather for Jews
"What I'm aiming for are moments of strong sensation —
moments of total physical experience of the landscape,
when weather just reaches out and sucks you in."
— The late Jane Wilson —
See also the previous post and, from the date of Wilson's death,
Geometry for Jews (Continued) —
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Thursday, April 14, 2016
One Funeral at a Time
On this date in 2005, mathematician Saunders Mac Lane died at 95.
Related material —
Max Planck quotations:
Mac Lane on Boolean algebra:
Mac Lane’s summary chart (note the absence of Galois geometry ):
I disagree with Mac Lane’s assertion that “the finite models of
Boolean algebra are dull.” See Boole vs. Galois in this journal.
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Wednesday, January 13, 2016
Geometry for Jews
(Continued from previous episodes)
Boole and Galois also figure in the mathematics of space —
i.e. , geometry. See Boole + Galois in this journal.
Related material, according to Jung’s notion of synchronicity —
- This journal on the date, August 6, 2007, of the
above paper, and the following day —
posts now tagged Metamorphosis 2007 - This journal on two of the dates of the 2003 Haifa workshop
that the paper mentions in a footnote —
posts now tagged Solomon’s Mental Health Month
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Monday, January 11, 2016
Space Oddity
It is an odd fact that the close relationship between some
small Galois spaces and small Boolean spaces has gone
unremarked by mathematicians.
A Google search today for “Galois spaces” + “Boolean spaces”
yielded, apart from merely terminological sources, only some
introductory material I have put on the Web myself.
Some more sophisticated searches, however led to a few
documents from the years 1971 – 1981 …
“Harmonic Analysis of Switching Functions” ,
by Robert J. Lechner, Ch. 5 in A. Mukhopadhyay, editor,
Recent Developments in Switching Theory , Academic Press, 1971.
“Galois Switching Functions and Their Applications,”
by B. Benjauthrit and I. S. Reed,
JPL Deep Space Network Progress Report 42-27 , 1975
D.K. Pradhan, “A Theory of Galois Switching Functions,”
IEEE Trans. Computers , vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 239-249, Mar. 1978
“Switching functions constructed by Galois extension fields,”
by Iwaro Takahashi, Information and Control ,
Volume 48, Issue 2, pp. 95–108, February 1981
An illustration from the Lechner paper above —
“There is such a thing as harmonic analysis of switching functions.”
— Saying adapted from a young-adult novel
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Monday, December 28, 2015
ART WARS Continues
Combining two headlines from this morning’s
New York Times and Washington Post , we have…
Deceptively Simple Geometries
on a Bold Scale
Voilà —
Click image for details.
More generally, see
Boole vs. Galois.
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Friday, December 25, 2015
Dark Symbol
Related material:
The previous post (Bright Symbol) and
a post from Wednesday,
December 23, 2015, that links to posts
on Boolean algebra vs. Galois geometry.
"An analogy between mathematics and religion is apposite."
— Harvard Magazine review by Avner Ash of
Mathematics without Apologies
(Princeton University Press, January 18, 2015)
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Wednesday, December 23, 2015
Splitting Apart
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Monday, November 2, 2015
The Devil’s Offer
This is a sequel to the previous post and to the Oct. 24 post
Two Views of Finite Space. From the latter —
” ‘All you need to do is give me your soul:
give up geometry and you will have this
marvellous machine.’ (Nowadays you
can think of it as a computer!) “
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Colorful Story
"The office of color in the color line
is a very plain and subordinate one.
It simply advertises the objects of
oppression, insult, and persecution.
It is not the maddening liquor, but
the black letters on the sign
telling the world where it may be had."
— Frederick Douglass, "The Color Line,"
The North American Review , Vol. 132,
No. 295, June 1881, page 575
Or gold letters.
From a search for Seagram in this journal —
"The colorful story of this undertaking begins with a bang."
— Martin Gardner on the death of Évariste Galois
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Saturday, October 31, 2015
Raiders of the Lost Crucible
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
on the date Friday, April 5, 2013 —
“First published Tue Sep 24, 1996;
substantive revision Fri Apr 5, 2013”
This journal on the date Friday, April 5, 2013 —
The object most closely resembling a “philosophers’ stone”
that I know of is the eightfold cube .
For some related philosophical remarks that may appeal
to a general Internet audience, see (for instance) a website
by I Ching enthusiast Andreas Schöter that displays a labeled
eightfold cube in the form of a lattice diagram —
Related material by Schöter —
A 20-page PDF, “Boolean Algebra and the Yi Jing.”
(First published in The Oracle: The Journal of Yijing Studies ,
Vol 2, No 7, Summer 1998, pp. 19–34.)
I differ with Schöter’s emphasis on Boolean algebra.
The appropriate mathematics for I Ching studies is,
I maintain, not Boolean algebra but rather Galois geometry.
See last Saturday’s post Two Views of Finite Space.
Unfortunately, that post is, unlike Schöter’s work, not
suitable for a general Internet audience.
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Saturday, October 24, 2015
Two Views of Finite Space
The following slides are from lectures on “Advanced Boolean Algebra” —
The small Boolean spaces above correspond exactly to some small
Galois spaces. These two names indicate approaches to the spaces
via Boolean algebra and via Galois geometry .
A reading from Atiyah that seems relevant to this sort of algebra
and this sort of geometry —
” ‘All you need to do is give me your soul: give up geometry
and you will have this marvellous machine.’ (Nowadays you
can think of it as a computer!) “
Related material — The article “Diamond Theory” in the journal
Computer Graphics and Art , Vol. 2 No. 1, February 1977. That
article, despite the word “computer” in the journal’s title, was
much less about Boolean algebra than about Galois geometry .
For later remarks on diamond theory, see finitegeometry.org/sc.
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Wednesday, October 21, 2015
Algebra and Space
"Perhaps an insane conceit …." Perhaps.
Related remarks on algebra and space —
"The Quality Without a Name" (Log24, August 26, 2015).
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Sunday, September 6, 2015
Elementally, My Dear Watson
Sarah Larson in the online New Yorker on Sept. 3, 2015,
discussed Google’s new parent company, “Alphabet”—
“… Alphabet takes our most elementally wonderful
general-use word—the name of the components of
language itself*—and reassigns it, like the words
tweet, twitter, vine, facebook, friend, and so on,
into a branded realm.”
Emma Watson in “The Bling Ring”
This journal, also on September 3 —
| Thursday, September 3, 2015
Filed under: Uncategorized — m759 @ 7:20 AM For the title, see posts from August 2007 Related theological remarks: Boolean spaces (old) vs. Galois spaces (new) in |
* Actually, Sarah, that would be “phonemes.”
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Friday, September 4, 2015
Thursday, September 3, 2015
Rings of August
For the title, see posts from August 2007 tagged Gyges.
Related theological remarks:
Boolean spaces (old) vs. Galois spaces (new) in
“The Quality Without a Name”
(a post from August 26, 2015) and the…
Related literature: A search for Borogoves in this journal will yield
remarks on the 1943 tale underlying the above film.
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Wednesday, August 26, 2015
“The Quality Without a Name”
The title phrase, paraphrased without quotes in
the previous post, is from Christopher Alexander's book
The Timeless Way of Building (Oxford University Press, 1979).
A quote from the publisher:
"Now, at last, there is a coherent theory
which describes in modern terms
an architecture as ancient as
human society itself."
Three paragraphs from the book (pp. xiii-xiv):
19. Within this process, every individual act
of building is a process in which space gets
differentiated. It is not a process of addition,
in which preformed parts are combined to
create a whole, but a process of unfolding,
like the evolution of an embryo, in which
the whole precedes the parts, and actualy
gives birth to then, by splitting.
20. The process of unfolding goes step by step,
one pattern at a time. Each step brings just one
pattern to life; and the intensity of the result
depends on the intensity of each one of these
individual steps.
21. From a sequence of these individual patterns,
whole buildings with the character of nature
will form themselves within your thoughts,
as easily as sentences.
Compare to, and contrast with, these illustrations of "Boolean space":
(See also similar illustrations from Berkeley and Purdue.)
Detail of the above image —
Note the "unfolding," as Christopher Alexander would have it.
These "Boolean" spaces of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 points
are also Galois spaces. See the diamond theorem —
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Tuesday, February 5, 2013
Arsenal
The previous post discussed some fundamentals of logic.
The name “Boole” in that post naturally suggests the
concept of Boolean algebra . This is not the algebra
needed for Galois geometry . See below.
Some, like Dan Brown, prefer to interpret symbols using
religion, not logic. They may consult Diamond Mandorla,
as well as Blade and Chalice, in this journal.
See also yesterday’s Universe of Discourse.
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Friday, June 23, 2006
Friday June 23, 2006
Binary Geometry
There is currently no area of mathematics named “binary geometry.” This is, therefore, a possible name for the geometry of sets with 2n elements (i.e., a sub-topic of Galois geometry and of algebraic geometry over finite fields– part of Weil’s “Rosetta stone” (pdf)).
Examples:
- Charles Sanders Peirce, “The Simplest Mathematics.”
- Donald E. Knuth’s discussion of binary hypercubes in “Boolean Basics,” a draft of section 7.1.1 in The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4: Combinatorial Algorithms
- My own discussion of a binary hypercube in Geometry of the 4x4x4 Cube
- A more sophisticated example: the geometry of elliptic curves over a binary Galois field. For an excellent introduction, see the Certicom online elliptic curve tutorial. This has an applet illustrating elliptic curves in a space of 256 points (256=16×16, with the x and y variables of a curve each having 16 possible values).
- In summary, apart from the fact that the native language of computers has characteristic 2, “binary” mathematics, i.e. mathematics in characteristic 2, is of special interest both in the study of finite geometry (Finite Geometry of the Square and Cube) and in algebraic geometry (see, for instance, the work of Brian Conrad).
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