Log24

Saturday, January 11, 2025

Octads within a PG(5,2) Addition Table

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:13 am

For some background on the PG(5,2) addition table, see Nocciolo .

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Saturday, August 10, 2024

The Yellow Brick Road Through PG(5,2)

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 8:20 pm

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Sunday, March 23, 2025

A Mystery Popup

Filed under: General — Tags: — m759 @ 2:35 pm

The recent URL cubebrick.space forwards to . . .

http://m759.net/wordpress/?tag=brick-space.

The web posts so tagged are, as one would expect,
NOT in the Harvard Library system.  I was therefore
somewhat surprised to see the following popup today —

Clicking on the "Get article" link yields . . .

This metadata is actually quite helpful, as the cited article
does, in fact, give good references for what I have called,
using a term from the "Miracle Octad Generator" of R. T. Curtis,
"brick space" — the finite projective space PG(5,2).

Tuesday, February 18, 2025

Grok 3 on the Log24 post of last New Year’s Eve

Filed under: General — Tags: — m759 @ 1:01 am

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Grok 3 beta, 12:56 AM ET Feb. 18, 2025 —

The diagram you've provided from the webpage titled "The Yellow Brick Road to the Miracle Octad Generator; with Conwell's Heptads" illustrates the concept of "brick space" within the context of projective geometry, specifically PG(5,2), which is the 5-dimensional projective space over the field with 2 elements (GF(2)). Here's a detailed breakdown based on the image:

Diagram Explanation:

    Components of the Diagram:
        Left Side:
            There are 28 points off the Klein quadric represented by grids with some cells shaded in blue.
        Middle Section:
            The 35 points of the Klein quadric are shown, which are added to the 28 points off the Klein quadric. This section shows grids with additional yellow shading.
        Right Side:
            The result of adding these points together to form the 63 points of PG(5,2), represented by grids with blue and yellow shading combined. This section also includes the 8 Conwell heptads (each heptad represented as a column).
    Mathematical Context:
        PG(5,2): As mentioned, this is the projective 5-space over GF(2), which has
        2^6 – 1 = 63
         points (since points in projective space are equivalence classes of non-zero vectors, excluding the zero vector).
        Klein Quadric: A specific geometric structure within PG(5,2) that can be visualized in this context as a subset of points with particular properties. Here, it's shown as contributing 35 points.
        Conwell Heptads: These are subsets of 7 points (heptads) in this geometry, named after Conwell, and are visually represented in columns on the right side.
    Visual Representation:
        The "brick space" metaphor likely comes from the way these points and subspaces are arranged in a grid-like or block-like fashion, similar to bricks in a wall. Each grid represents a configuration of points or subspaces within this projective space, and the combination of different colored shadings (blue, yellow) helps to distinguish different sets or properties of points.
    Purpose of the Diagram:
        This diagram is part of an exploration of the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) by R. T. Curtis, where the Klein quadric serves as a background. The MOG is a structure used in the study of combinatorial designs and has applications in finite group theory, particularly with the Mathieu groups. The diagram visually aids in understanding how these points and heptads relate to each other within this geometric framework.
    Additional Notes:
        The note at the bottom mentions that 28 + 35 = 63, which matches the total number of points in PG(5,2).
        The mention of heptads being added on December 31, 2024, indicates updates or additions to the original concept or visualization.


This diagram, therefore, serves as a visual aid to understand the structure of PG(5,2) in terms of its points, subspaces, and specific combinatorial designs like the Conwell heptads, all within the context of the Miracle Octad Generator. It's an advanced mathematical visualization, combining geometric and combinatorial aspects in a way that's accessible to those familiar with these concepts.

For some remarks by Grok 3 beta made before it saw the
"yellow brick" diagram, see a PDF of prompts and responses.

Monday, February 10, 2025

Brick Space: Points with Parts

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 3:47 pm

This post's "Points with Parts" title may serve as an introduction to
what has been called "the most powerful diagram in mathematics" —
the "Miracle Octad Generator" (MOG) of Robert T. Curtis.

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Curtis himself has apparently not written on the geometric background
of his diagram — the finite projective spaces PG(5,2) and PG(3,2), of 
five and of three dimensions over the two-element Galois field GF(2).

The component parts of the MOG diagram, the 2×4 Curtis "bricks,"
may be regarded* as forming both PG(5,2) and PG(3,2) . . .
Pace  Euclid, points with parts. For more on the MOG's geometric
background, see the Klein correspondence  in the previous post.

For a simpler example of "points with parts, see
http://m759.net/wordpress/?s=200229.

* Use the notions of Galois (XOR, or "symmetric-difference") addition
of even  subsets, and such addition "modulo complementation," to
decrease the number of dimensions of the spaces involved.

Sunday, February 9, 2025

An AI Overview of Klein Quadric and MOG

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:15 pm

See also a more accurate AI report from January 9, 2025 —

Grok 2 on the MOG and the Klein Correspondence:

HTML version, with corrections, of the above 9 January Grok 2 report —

Grok 2: Klein Correspondence and MOG, 9 Jan. 2025 . . .
______________________________________________

The Klein correspondence is closely related to the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) through the mathematical structure they both engage with, particularly in the context of finite geometry and combinatorics.

Klein Correspondence: This refers to a mathematical framework that establishes a correspondence between points and lines in a projective space.* Specifically, in the context of the MOG, it relates to the geometry of PG(3,2), the three-dimensional projective space over the field with two elements. The Klein correspondence, in this context, essentially connects the combinatorial aspects of partitions of an 8-set to the geometric structure of lines in PG(3,2).

Miracle Octad Generator (MOG): Introduced by R.T. Curtis, the MOG is a tool used in the study of the Mathieu group M24, the binary Golay code, and related structures like the Steiner system S(5,8,24). It consists of a 4×6 array where the positions are used to construct octads (sets of 8 elements) from given sets of 5 elements, reflecting the structure of the Steiner system.

Relation Between Klein Correspondence and MOG:

  • Combinatorial and Geometric Link: The MOG uses the Klein correspondence to map partitions of an 8-set (into two 4-sets) to [the sets of] 4 parallel affine planes [that represent lines] within PG(3,2). This mapping is natural and symmetrical, which is crucial for the MOG's functionality. The 35 partitions of an 8-set correspond to the 35 lines in PG(3,2), and this correspondence helps in understanding how to generate and visualize octads within the MOG framework.
     
  • Structural Insight: The Klein correspondence provides a way to see how the MOG's method of generating octads can be understood geometrically. This insight is vital for exploring the symmetry and subgroup structure of M24, as the MOG's layout preserves these symmetries.

Thus, the Klein correspondence serves as a foundational link that allows the MOG to operate by translating combinatorial problems into geometric ones, facilitating the study of complex mathematical structures like the Mathieu groups and Steiner systems.

* Correction: Should be "a correspondence between points in a five-dimensional projective space and lines in a three-dimensional projective space."

Update  of ca. 9 AM ET Monday, Feb. 10, 2024 —

Neither AI report above mentions the Cullinane model of the five-
dimensional projective space PG(5,2) as a brick space — a space
whose points are the 2×4 bricks  used in thte MOG. This is
understandable, as the notion of using bricks to model both  PG(5,2)
and PG(3,2) has appeared so far only in this journal. See an
illustration from New Year's Eve . . . Dec. 31, 2024 —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Sunday, January 26, 2025

Words and Things

Filed under: General — m759 @ 9:33 am

Peter J. Cameron today presented in his weblog an excerpt
from Aldous Huxley's The Perennial Philosophy .

Another such excerpt —

"Taking words as the measure of things, instead of using
things as the measure of words, Hume imposed the discrete
and, so to say, pointilliste  pattern of language upon the
continuum of actual experience — with the impossibly
paradoxical results with which we are all familiar. Most human
beings are not philosophers and care not at all for consistency
in thought or action. Thus, in some circumstances they take it
for granted that events are not 'loose and separate,' but coexist
or follow one another within the organized and organizing field
of a cosmic whole. But on other occasions, where the opposite
view is more nearly in accord with their passions or interests,
they adopt, all unconsciously, the Humian position and treat events
as though they were as independent of one another and the rest
of the world as the words by which they are symbolized. This is
generally true of all occurrences involving 'I,' 'me,' 'mine.'
Reifying the 'loose and separate' names, we regard the things as
also loose and separate — not subject to law, not involved in the
network of relationships, by which in fact they are so obviously
bound up with their physical, social and spiritual environment."

— Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy , on p. 156 of the
1947 Chatto & Windus (London) edition.

Those in search of an "organized and organizing field" might
consider the Galois  field GF(64) — as embodied in the Chinese
classic I Ching or, more recently, in the finite geometry PG(5,2) —
the natural habitat of the R. T. Curtis Miracle Octad Generator.

Thursday, January 16, 2025

AI Overview for the Twilight Zone . . . I Ching Space

Filed under: General — m759 @ 1:33 am

Ron Shaw in "Configurations of planes in PG(5,2)" . . .

"There are some rather weird things happening here."

Related entertainment — The Yarrow Stalker .

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Yellow Brick Road to the
Miracle Octad Generator, with Conwell’s Heptads

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:42 am

The Klein quadric as background for the Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis —

The Klein quadric, PG(5,2), and the 'bricks' of the Miracle Octad Generator

See also Saniga on heptads in this journal.

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Monday, December 30, 2024

December XXX: Yellow Brick Road Meets Mania Lane

Filed under: General — Tags: — m759 @ 12:45 am

My Windows 11 lockscreen tonight —

"Tulip mania swept this land way back in the 17th century . . . ."

Earlier in this journal

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Some historical background —

Monday, December 23, 2024

A Projective-Space Home for the Miracle Octad Generator

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 3:17 pm

The natural geometric setting for the "bricks" in the Miracle Octad Generator
(MOG) of Robert T. Curtis is PG(5,2), the projective 5-space over GF(2).

The Klein correspondence mirrors the 35 lines of PG(3,2) — and hence, via the 
graphic approach below, the 35 "heavy bricks" of the MOG that match those
lines — in PG(5,2), where the bricks may be studied with geometric methods,
as an alternative to Curtis's original MOG combinatorial construction methods.

The construction below of a PG(5,2) brick space  is analogous to the
"line diagrams"  construction of a PG(3,2) in Cullinane's diamond theorem.

Saturday, December 21, 2024

“At the still point . . .” — T. S. Eliot

Filed under: General — m759 @ 10:39 pm

"The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits. … Historically, the byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of memory in many computer architectures." — Wikipedia

Compare and contrast —

From 1989 . . .

From 2024 . . .

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Coordinatizing Brick Space

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 4:10 am

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Exercise:  The eight-part diagrams in the graphic "brick space"
model of PG(5,2) below need to be suitably labeled with six-part
GF(2) coordinates to help illustrate the Klein correspondence that
underlies the large Mathieu group M24.

A possible approach:  The lines  separating dark squares from light
(i.e., blue from white or yellow) in the figure above may be added
in XOR fashion (as if they were diamond theorem  line diagrams)
to form a six  dimensional vector space, which, after a suitable basis
is chosen, may be represented by six-tuples of 0's and 1's.

Related reading —

log24.com/log24/241221-'Brick Space « Log24' – m759.net.pdf .

This is a large (15.1 MB) file.  The Foxit PDF reader is recommended.

The PDF is from a search for Brick Space  in this journal.

Some context:  http://m759.net/wordpress/?s=Weyl+Coordinatization.

Thursday, December 19, 2024

Different Angles

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 7:26 pm

"Drawing the same face from different angles sounds fun,
but let me tell you – it’s not. It’s not fun at all. It’s HARD!!"

Loisvb on Instagram, Dec. 18, 2024

Likewise for PG(5,2).

Exercise:  The eight-part diagrams in the graphic "brick space"
model of PG(5,2) below need to be suitably labeled with six-part
GF(2) coordinates to help illustrate the Klein correspondence that
underlies the large Mathieu group M24.

Friday, October 25, 2024

The Space Structures Underlying M24

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 12:24 am

The structures of the title are the even subsets of a six-set and of
an eight-set, viewed modulo set complementation.

The "Brick Space" model of PG(5,2) —

Brick space: The 2x4 model of PG(5,2)

For the M24 relationship between these spaces, of 15 and of 63 points,
see G. M. Conwell's 1910 paper "The 3-Space PG (3,2) and Its Group,"
as well as Conwell heptads in this  journal.

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Thursday, October 24, 2024

October Story: If It’s Day 24, This Must Be . . . BRICS?

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 12:12 pm

My own interests tend towards . . . not BRICS, but bricks —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

I look forward to the November publication of . . .

Thursday, September 19, 2024

The Zen of Brick Space:
Embedding the Null Brick

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 2:21 am


The "Brick Space" model of PG(5,2) —

Brick space: The 2x4 model of PG(5,2)

Related reading . . .

See also "Zero System."

Tuesday, September 17, 2024

Brick Space Exercise

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 1:23 am

Exercise: Assign coordinates over GF(2) to the graphic

Thursday, July 18, 2024

Brick Space

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 1:45 am
 

Compare and Contrast

 

A rearranged illustration from . . .

R. T. Curtis, "A New Combinatorial Approach to M24 ,"
Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society ,
Volume 79 , Issue 1 , January 1976 , pp. 25 – 42
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305004100052075

The image “MOGCurtis03.gif” cannot be displayed, because it contains errors.


The "Brick Space" model of PG(5,2) —

Brick space: The 2x4 model of PG(5,2)

Background: See "Conwell heptads" on the Web.

See as well Nocciolo  in this journal and . . .

Friday, July 5, 2024

De Bruyn on the Klein Quadric

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 10:31 pm

— De Bruyn, Bart. “Quadratic Sets on the Klein Quadric.”
JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES A,
vol. 190, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jcta.2022.105635.

Related material —

Log24 on Wednesday, July 3, 2024: "The Nutshell Miracle" . . .

In particular, within that post, my own 2019 "nutshell" diagram of PG(5,2):

PG(5,2)

Wednesday, July 3, 2024

The Nutshell Miracle

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 10:42 pm

'Then a miracle occurs' cartoon

Cartoon by S. Harris

From a search in this journal for nocciolo

From a search in this journal for PG(5,2)

From a search in this journal for Curtis MOG

IMAGE- The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R.T. Curtis

Shown above is a rearranged version of the
Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis
("A new combinatorial approach to M24,"
Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 79 (1976), 25-42.)

From a search in this journal for Klein Correspondence

Philippe Cara on the Klein correspondence

The picture of PG(5,2) above as an expanded nocciolo
shows that the Miracle Octad Generator illustrates
the Klein correspondence.

Update of 10:33 PM ET Friday, July 5, 2024 —

See the July 5 post "De Bruyn on the Klein Quadric."

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Saniga on Einstein

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 8:25 am

See Einstein on Acid” by Stephen Battersby
(New Scientist , Vol. 180, issue 2426 — 20 Dec. 2003, 40-43).

That 2003 article is about some speculations of Metod Saniga.

“Saniga is not a professional mystic or
a peddler of drugs, he is an astrophysicist
at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava.
It seems unlikely that studying stars led him to
such a way-out view of space and time. Has he
undergone a drug-induced epiphany, or a period
of mental instability? ‘No, no, no,’ Saniga says,
‘I am a perfectly sane person.'”

Some more recent and much less speculative remarks by Saniga
are related to the Klein correspondence —

arXiv.org > math > arXiv:1409.5691:
Mathematics > Combinatorics
[Submitted on 17 Sep 2014]
The Complement of Binary Klein Quadric
as a Combinatorial Grassmannian

By Metod Saniga

“Given a hyperbolic quadric of PG(5,2), there are 28 points
off this quadric and 56 lines skew to it. It is shown that the
(286,563)-configuration formed by these points and lines
is isomorphic to the combinatorial Grassmannian of type
G2(8). It is also pointed out that a set of seven points of
G2(8) whose labels share a mark corresponds to a
Conwell heptad of PG(5,2). Gradual removal of Conwell
heptads from the (286,563)-configuration yields a nested
sequence of binomial configurations identical with part of
that found to be associated with Cayley-Dickson algebras
(arXiv:1405.6888).”

Related entertainment —

See Log24 on the date, 17 Sept. 2014, of Saniga’s Klein-quadric article:

Articulation Day.

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Geometry of 6 and 8

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 4:03 am

Just as
the finite space PG(3,2) is
the geometry of the 6-set, so is
the finite space PG(5,2)
the geometry of the 8-set.*

Selah.

* Consider, for the 6-set, the 32
(16, modulo complementation)
0-, 2-, 4-, and 6-subsets,
and, for the 8-set, the 128
(64, modulo complementation)
0-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-subsets.

Update of 11:02 AM ET the same day:

See also Eightfold Geometry, a note from 2010.

Wednesday, July 5, 2017

Imaginarium of a Different Kind

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , — m759 @ 9:00 pm

The title refers to that of the previous post, "The Imaginarium."

In memory of a translator who reportedly died on May  22, 2017,
a passage quoted here on that date —

Related material — A paragraph added on March 15, 2017,
to the Wikipedia article on Galois geometry

George Conwell gave an early demonstration of Galois geometry in 1910 when he characterized a solution of Kirkman's schoolgirl problem as a partition of sets of skew lines in PG(3,2), the three-dimensional projective geometry over the Galois field GF(2).[3] Similar to methods of line geometry in space over a field of characteristic 0, Conwell used Plücker coordinates in PG(5,2) and identified the points representing lines in PG(3,2) as those on the Klein quadric.

— User Rgdboer

Saturday, March 8, 2014

Conwell Heptads in Eastern Europe

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , — m759 @ 11:07 am

“Charting the Real Four-Qubit Pauli Group
via Ovoids of a Hyperbolic Quadric of PG(7,2),”
by Metod Saniga, Péter Lévay and Petr Pracna,
arXiv:1202.2973v2 [math-ph] 26 Jun 2012 —

P. 4— “It was found that +(5,2) (the Klein quadric)
has, up to isomorphism, a unique  one — also known,
after its discoverer, as a Conwell heptad  [18].
The set of 28 points lying off +(5,2) comprises
eight such heptads, any two having exactly one
point in common.”

P. 11— “This split reminds us of a similar split of
63 points of PG(5,2) into 35/28 points lying on/off
a Klein quadric +(5,2).”

[18] G. M. Conwell, Ann. Math. 11 (1910) 60–76

A similar split occurs in yesterday’s Kummer Varieties post.
See the 63 = 28 + 35 vectors of R8 discussed there.

For more about Conwell heptads, see The Klein Correspondence,
Penrose Space-Time, and a Finite Model
.

For my own remarks on the date of the above arXiv paper
by Saniga et. al., click on the image below —

Walter Gropius

Wednesday, June 16, 2010

Geometry of Language

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , , — m759 @ 10:31 am

(Continued from April 23, 2009, and February 13, 2010.)

Paul Valéry as quoted in yesterday’s post:

“The S[elf] is invariant, origin, locus or field, it’s a functional property of consciousness” (Cahiers, 15:170 [2: 315])

The geometric example discussed here yesterday as a Self symbol may seem too small to be really impressive. Here is a larger example from the Chinese, rather than European, tradition. It may be regarded as a way of representing the Galois field GF(64). (“Field” is a rather ambiguous term; here it does not, of course, mean what it did in the Valéry quotation.)

From Geometry of the I Ching

Image-- The 64 hexagrams of the I Ching

The above 64 hexagrams may also be regarded as
the finite affine space AG(6,2)— a larger version
of the finite affine space AG(4,2) in yesterday’s post.
That smaller space has a group of 322,560 symmetries.
The larger hexagram  space has a group of
1,290,157,424,640 affine symmetries.

From a paper on GL(6,2), the symmetry group
of the corresponding projective  space PG(5,2),*
which has 1/64 as many symmetries—

(Click to enlarge.)

Image-- Classes of the Group GL(6,)

For some narrative in the European  tradition
related to this geometry, see Solomon’s Cube.

* Update of July 29, 2011: The “PG(5,2)” above is a correction from an earlier error.

Tuesday, August 27, 2024

For Rubik Worshippers

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 2:37 pm

Galois space of six dimensions represented in Euclidean spaces of three and of two dimensions

The above is six-dimensional as an affine  space, but only five-dimensional
as a  projective  space . . . the space PG(5, 2).

As the domain of the smallest model of the Klein correspondence and the
Klein quadric, PG (5,2) is not without mathematical importance.

See Chess Bricks and Ovid.group.

This post was suggested by the date July 6, 2024 in a Warren, PA obituary
and by that date in this  journal.

Sunday, December 29, 2019

Articulation Raid

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 7:45 am

“… And so each venture Is a new beginning,
a raid on the inarticulate….”

— T. S. Eliot, “East Coker V” in Four Quartets

arXiv:1409.5691v1 [math.CO]  17 Sep 2014

The Complement of Binary Klein Quadric as
a Combinatorial Grassmannian

Metod Saniga,
Institute for Discrete Mathematics and Geometry,
Vienna University of Technology,
Wiedner Hauptstraße 8–10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
(metod.saniga@tuwien.ac.at) and
Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
SK-05960 Tatransk ́a Lomnica, Slovak Republic
(msaniga@astro.sk)

Abstract

Given a hyperbolic quadric of PG(5, 2), there are 28 points off this quadric and 56 lines skew to it. It is shown that the (286,563)-configuration formed by these points and lines is isomorphic to the combinatorial Grassmannian of type G2(8). It is also pointed out that a set of seven points of G2(8) whose labels share a mark corresponds to a Conwell heptad of PG(5, 2). Gradual removal of Conwell heptads from the (286,563)-configuration yields a nested sequence of binomial configurations identical with part of that found to be associated with Cayley-Dickson algebras (arXiv:1405.6888).

Keywords:

Combinatorial Grassmannian −
Binary Klein Quadric − Conwell Heptad

See also this  journal on the above date — 17 September 2014.

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