From Richard Taylor, "Modular arithmetic: driven by inherent beauty
and human curiosity," The Letter of the Institute for Advanced Study [IAS],
Summer 2012, pp. 6– 8 (links added) :
"Stunningly, in 1954, Martin Eichler (former IAS Member)
found a totally new reciprocity law . . . .
Within less than three years, Yutaka Taniyama and Goro Shimura
(former IAS Member) proposed a daring generalization of Eichler’s
reciprocity law to all cubic equations in two variables. A decade later,
André Weil (former IAS Professor) added precision to this conjecture,
and found strong heuristic evidence supporting the Shimura-Taniyama
reciprocity law. This conjecture completely changed the development of
number theory."