Log24

Tuesday, March 4, 2025

Brick-Space News

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 7:38 pm

Earlier in this  journal, a more abstract approach . . .

Klein Groups

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 12:38 pm

"Felix, Calvin . . . Calvin, Felix."

Thursday, February 20, 2025

Coloring the Klein Correspondence

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 11:43 pm

A Google search for "four color decomposition" yields an AI Overview

My "four-color decomposition" theorem supplies some background
for last New Year's Eve's post on the Klein Correspondence.

 

Monday, February 10, 2025

Brick Space: Points with Parts

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 3:47 pm

This post's "Points with Parts" title may serve as an introduction to
what has been called "the most powerful diagram in mathematics" —
the "Miracle Octad Generator" (MOG) of Robert T. Curtis.

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Curtis himself has apparently not written on the geometric background
of his diagram — the finite projective spaces PG(5,2) and PG(3,2), of 
five and of three dimensions over the two-element Galois field GF(2).

The component parts of the MOG diagram, the 2×4 Curtis "bricks,"
may be regarded* as forming both PG(5,2) and PG(3,2) . . .
Pace  Euclid, points with parts. For more on the MOG's geometric
background, see the Klein correspondence  in the previous post.

For a simpler example of "points with parts, see
http://m759.net/wordpress/?s=200229.

* Use the notions of Galois (XOR, or "symmetric-difference") addition
of even  subsets, and such addition "modulo complementation," to
decrease the number of dimensions of the spaces involved.

Sunday, February 9, 2025

An AI Overview of Klein Quadric and MOG

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:15 pm

See also a more accurate AI report from January 9, 2025 —

Grok 2 on the MOG and the Klein Correspondence:

HTML version, with corrections, of the above 9 January Grok 2 report —

Grok 2: Klein Correspondence and MOG, 9 Jan. 2025 . . .
______________________________________________

The Klein correspondence is closely related to the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) through the mathematical structure they both engage with, particularly in the context of finite geometry and combinatorics.

Klein Correspondence: This refers to a mathematical framework that establishes a correspondence between points and lines in a projective space.* Specifically, in the context of the MOG, it relates to the geometry of PG(3,2), the three-dimensional projective space over the field with two elements. The Klein correspondence, in this context, essentially connects the combinatorial aspects of partitions of an 8-set to the geometric structure of lines in PG(3,2).

Miracle Octad Generator (MOG): Introduced by R.T. Curtis, the MOG is a tool used in the study of the Mathieu group M24, the binary Golay code, and related structures like the Steiner system S(5,8,24). It consists of a 4×6 array where the positions are used to construct octads (sets of 8 elements) from given sets of 5 elements, reflecting the structure of the Steiner system.

Relation Between Klein Correspondence and MOG:

  • Combinatorial and Geometric Link: The MOG uses the Klein correspondence to map partitions of an 8-set (into two 4-sets) to [the sets of] 4 parallel affine planes [that represent lines] within PG(3,2). This mapping is natural and symmetrical, which is crucial for the MOG's functionality. The 35 partitions of an 8-set correspond to the 35 lines in PG(3,2), and this correspondence helps in understanding how to generate and visualize octads within the MOG framework.
     
  • Structural Insight: The Klein correspondence provides a way to see how the MOG's method of generating octads can be understood geometrically. This insight is vital for exploring the symmetry and subgroup structure of M24, as the MOG's layout preserves these symmetries.

Thus, the Klein correspondence serves as a foundational link that allows the MOG to operate by translating combinatorial problems into geometric ones, facilitating the study of complex mathematical structures like the Mathieu groups and Steiner systems.

* Correction: Should be "a correspondence between points in a five-dimensional projective space and lines in a three-dimensional projective space."

Update  of ca. 9 AM ET Monday, Feb. 10, 2024 —

Neither AI report above mentions the Cullinane model of the five-
dimensional projective space PG(5,2) as a brick space — a space
whose points are the 2×4 bricks  used in thte MOG. This is
understandable, as the notion of using bricks to model both  PG(5,2)
and PG(3,2) has appeared so far only in this journal. See an
illustration from New Year's Eve . . . Dec. 31, 2024 —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Tuesday, January 14, 2025

Proofs

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 3:50 am

A phrase by Aitchison at Hiroshima . . .

"The proof of the above is a relabelling of the Klein quartic . . . ."

Related art — A relabelling of the Klein quadric  by Curtis bricks:

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Update of 12:26 PM EST Wednesday, January 15, 2025  —

Here is a large (17.5 MB) PDF file containing all posts touching upon
the concept underlying the above illustration — the Klein correspondence.

(A PDF reader such as Foxit is recommended for such large files.)

Saturday, January 11, 2025

Octads within a PG(5,2) Addition Table

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:13 am

For some background on the PG(5,2) addition table, see Nocciolo .

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Thursday, January 9, 2025

Grok 2 on the MOG and the Klein Correspondence

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 1:04 pm

Related illustration —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

— Transcription —

Grok 2 on Klein correspondence and MOG — 9 Jan. 2025
______________________________________________________________

Prompt:

How is the Klein correspondence related to the Miracle Octad Generator?

Grok 2 response (with citations and links removed):

The Klein correspondence is closely related to the Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) through the mathematical structure they both engage with, particularly in the context of finite geometry and combinatorics.

Klein Correspondence: This refers to a mathematical framework that establishes a correspondence between points and lines in a projective space. Specifically, in the context of the MOG, it relates to the geometry of PG(3,2), the three-dimensional projective space over the field with two elements. The Klein correspondence, in this context, essentially connects the combinatorial aspects of partitions of an 8-set to the geometric structure of lines in PG(3,2).

Miracle Octad Generator (MOG): Introduced by R.T. Curtis, the MOG is a tool used in the study of the Mathieu group M24, the binary Golay code, and related structures like the Steiner system S(5,8,24). It consists of a 4×6 array where the positions are used to construct octads (sets of 8 elements) from given sets of 5 elements, reflecting the structure of the Steiner system.

Relation Between Klein Correspondence and MOG:

    Combinatorial and Geometric Link: The MOG uses the Klein correspondence to map partitions of an 8-set (into two 4-sets) to 4 parallel affine planes within PG(3,2). This mapping is natural and symmetrical, which is crucial for the MOG's functionality. The 35 partitions of an 8-set correspond to the 35 lines in PG(3,2), and this correspondence helps in understanding how to generate and visualize octads within the MOG framework.

    Structural Insight: The Klein correspondence provides a way to see how the MOG's method of generating octads can be understood geometrically. This insight is vital for exploring the symmetry and subgroup structure of M24, as the MOG's layout preserves these symmetries.

Thus, the Klein correspondence serves as a foundational link that allows the MOG to operate by translating combinatorial problems into geometric ones, facilitating the study of complex mathematical structures like the Mathieu groups and Steiner systems.

Sunday, January 5, 2025

Klein Quadric Octad Generator

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 1:23 pm

Saturday, January 4, 2025

For a Contemporary Faustus

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 5:58 pm

Faustus cover, Thomas Mann

A contemporary  minimalist composer whose work resembles that of
Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus  reportedly died at 85 Tuesday
in Paris on New Year's Eve (December 31, 2024). The phrase
"mathematical clarity" in his obituary in today's New York Times
suggests a synchronology check —

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Compare and contrast.

Tuesday, December 31, 2024

The Yellow Brick Road to the
Miracle Octad Generator, with Conwell’s Heptads

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 2:42 am

The Klein quadric as background for the Miracle Octad Generator of R. T. Curtis —

The Klein quadric, PG(5,2), and the 'bricks' of the Miracle Octad Generator

See also Saniga on heptads in this journal.

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Monday, December 23, 2024

A Projective-Space Home for the Miracle Octad Generator

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 3:17 pm

The natural geometric setting for the "bricks" in the Miracle Octad Generator
(MOG) of Robert T. Curtis is PG(5,2), the projective 5-space over GF(2).

The Klein correspondence mirrors the 35 lines of PG(3,2) — and hence, via the 
graphic approach below, the 35 "heavy bricks" of the MOG that match those
lines — in PG(5,2), where the bricks may be studied with geometric methods,
as an alternative to Curtis's original MOG combinatorial construction methods.

The construction below of a PG(5,2) brick space  is analogous to the
"line diagrams"  construction of a PG(3,2) in Cullinane's diamond theorem.

Saturday, December 21, 2024

Coordinatizing Brick Space

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 4:10 am

The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis

Exercise:  The eight-part diagrams in the graphic "brick space"
model of PG(5,2) below need to be suitably labeled with six-part
GF(2) coordinates to help illustrate the Klein correspondence that
underlies the large Mathieu group M24.

A possible approach:  The lines  separating dark squares from light
(i.e., blue from white or yellow) in the figure above may be added
in XOR fashion (as if they were diamond theorem  line diagrams)
to form a six  dimensional vector space, which, after a suitable basis
is chosen, may be represented by six-tuples of 0's and 1's.

Related reading —

log24.com/log24/241221-'Brick Space « Log24' – m759.net.pdf .

This is a large (15.1 MB) file.  The Foxit PDF reader is recommended.

The PDF is from a search for Brick Space  in this journal.

Some context:  http://m759.net/wordpress/?s=Weyl+Coordinatization.

Thursday, December 19, 2024

Different Angles

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 7:26 pm

"Drawing the same face from different angles sounds fun,
but let me tell you – it’s not. It’s not fun at all. It’s HARD!!"

Loisvb on Instagram, Dec. 18, 2024

Likewise for PG(5,2).

Exercise:  The eight-part diagrams in the graphic "brick space"
model of PG(5,2) below need to be suitably labeled with six-part
GF(2) coordinates to help illustrate the Klein correspondence that
underlies the large Mathieu group M24.

Tuesday, September 17, 2024

Brick Space Exercise

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 1:23 am

Exercise: Assign coordinates over GF(2) to the graphic

Tuesday, August 27, 2024

For Rubik Worshippers

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , — m759 @ 2:37 pm

Galois space of six dimensions represented in Euclidean spaces of three and of two dimensions

The above is six-dimensional as an affine  space, but only five-dimensional
as a  projective  space . . . the space PG(5, 2).

As the domain of the smallest model of the Klein correspondence and the
Klein quadric, PG (5,2) is not without mathematical importance.

See Chess Bricks and Ovid.group.

This post was suggested by the date July 6, 2024 in a Warren, PA obituary
and by that date in this  journal.

Sunday, August 11, 2024

Double Duals

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 8:40 am

"That in which space itself is contained"
Wallace Stevens

In the ninefold square,
projective-perspectivity duality
corresponds to
projective-correlation duality.

Illustrations —

Friday, July 5, 2024

De Bruyn on the Klein Quadric

Filed under: General — Tags: , , , , — m759 @ 10:31 pm

— De Bruyn, Bart. “Quadratic Sets on the Klein Quadric.”
JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL THEORY SERIES A,
vol. 190, 2022, doi:10.1016/j.jcta.2022.105635.

Related material —

Log24 on Wednesday, July 3, 2024: "The Nutshell Miracle" . . .

In particular, within that post, my own 2019 "nutshell" diagram of PG(5,2):

PG(5,2)

Wednesday, July 3, 2024

The Nutshell Miracle

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 10:42 pm

'Then a miracle occurs' cartoon

Cartoon by S. Harris

From a search in this journal for nocciolo

From a search in this journal for PG(5,2)

From a search in this journal for Curtis MOG

IMAGE- The Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R.T. Curtis

Shown above is a rearranged version of the
Miracle Octad Generator (MOG) of R. T. Curtis
("A new combinatorial approach to M24,"
Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 79 (1976), 25-42.)

From a search in this journal for Klein Correspondence

Philippe Cara on the Klein correspondence

The picture of PG(5,2) above as an expanded nocciolo
shows that the Miracle Octad Generator illustrates
the Klein correspondence.

Update of 10:33 PM ET Friday, July 5, 2024 —

See the July 5 post "De Bruyn on the Klein Quadric."

Tuesday, June 21, 2022

For the Church of Synchronology*

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 12:30 pm

'The Klein Correspondence' at Cambridge University Press, in a 2009 book on Twistor Geometry

See also this journal on the above Cambridge U. Press date.

"There are many places one can read about twistors
and the mathematics that underlies them. One that
I can especially recommend is the book Twistor Geometry
and Field Theory
, by Ward and Wells."

— Peter Woit, "Not Even Wrong" weblog post, March 6, 2020.

* A fictional entity. See Synchronology in this journal.

Wednesday, February 9, 2022

8!

Conwell, 1910 — 

(In modern notation, Conwell is showing that the complete
projective group of collineations and dualities of the finite
3-space PG (3,2) is of order 8 factorial, i.e. "8!"
In other words, that any  permutation of eight things may be
regarded as a geometric transformation of PG (3,2).)

Later discussion of this same "Klein correspondence"
between Conwell's 3-space and 5-space . . .

A somewhat simpler toy model —

Page from 'The Paradise of Childhood,' 1906 edition

Related fiction —  "The Bulk Beings" of the film "Interstellar."

Monday, January 17, 2022

Heisenberg Revisited

Filed under: General — Tags: — m759 @ 1:42 pm

Click to enlarge:

See as well Klein Quadric  in this  journal.

Sunday, October 11, 2020

Saniga on Einstein

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 8:25 am

See Einstein on Acid” by Stephen Battersby
(New Scientist , Vol. 180, issue 2426 — 20 Dec. 2003, 40-43).

That 2003 article is about some speculations of Metod Saniga.

“Saniga is not a professional mystic or
a peddler of drugs, he is an astrophysicist
at the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava.
It seems unlikely that studying stars led him to
such a way-out view of space and time. Has he
undergone a drug-induced epiphany, or a period
of mental instability? ‘No, no, no,’ Saniga says,
‘I am a perfectly sane person.'”

Some more recent and much less speculative remarks by Saniga
are related to the Klein correspondence —

arXiv.org > math > arXiv:1409.5691:
Mathematics > Combinatorics
[Submitted on 17 Sep 2014]
The Complement of Binary Klein Quadric
as a Combinatorial Grassmannian

By Metod Saniga

“Given a hyperbolic quadric of PG(5,2), there are 28 points
off this quadric and 56 lines skew to it. It is shown that the
(286,563)-configuration formed by these points and lines
is isomorphic to the combinatorial Grassmannian of type
G2(8). It is also pointed out that a set of seven points of
G2(8) whose labels share a mark corresponds to a
Conwell heptad of PG(5,2). Gradual removal of Conwell
heptads from the (286,563)-configuration yields a nested
sequence of binomial configurations identical with part of
that found to be associated with Cayley-Dickson algebras
(arXiv:1405.6888).”

Related entertainment —

See Log24 on the date, 17 Sept. 2014, of Saniga’s Klein-quadric article:

Articulation Day.

Wednesday, September 16, 2020

Critical Invisibility

Filed under: General — Tags: , — m759 @ 12:44 am

Synchronology check —

This  journal on the above dates —
8 January 2019 (“For the Church of Synchronology“)
and 24 April 2019 (“Critical Visibility“).

Related mathematics:  Klein Correspondence posts.

Related entertainment: “The Bulk Beings.”

The above Physical Review  remarks were found in a search
for a purely mathematical concept —

“35 points” + projective space . . .

Sunday, December 29, 2019

Articulation Raid

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 7:45 am

“… And so each venture Is a new beginning,
a raid on the inarticulate….”

— T. S. Eliot, “East Coker V” in Four Quartets

arXiv:1409.5691v1 [math.CO]  17 Sep 2014

The Complement of Binary Klein Quadric as
a Combinatorial Grassmannian

Metod Saniga,
Institute for Discrete Mathematics and Geometry,
Vienna University of Technology,
Wiedner Hauptstraße 8–10, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
(metod.saniga@tuwien.ac.at) and
Astronomical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
SK-05960 Tatransk ́a Lomnica, Slovak Republic
(msaniga@astro.sk)

Abstract

Given a hyperbolic quadric of PG(5, 2), there are 28 points off this quadric and 56 lines skew to it. It is shown that the (286,563)-configuration formed by these points and lines is isomorphic to the combinatorial Grassmannian of type G2(8). It is also pointed out that a set of seven points of G2(8) whose labels share a mark corresponds to a Conwell heptad of PG(5, 2). Gradual removal of Conwell heptads from the (286,563)-configuration yields a nested sequence of binomial configurations identical with part of that found to be associated with Cayley-Dickson algebras (arXiv:1405.6888).

Keywords:

Combinatorial Grassmannian −
Binary Klein Quadric − Conwell Heptad

See also this  journal on the above date — 17 September 2014.

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Klein Quadric

Filed under: General — Tags: , , — m759 @ 1:06 am

The architecture of the recent post 
Geometry of 6 and 8 is in part
a reference to the Klein quadric.

Thursday, June 28, 2018

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik

Filed under: General — Tags: — m759 @ 1:00 am

See  Klein Quartic  and  Klein Quadric.

Monday, May 28, 2018

Skewers

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: , — m759 @ 1:16 pm

A piece co-written by Ivanov, the author noted in the previous post, was cited
in my "Geometry of the 4×4 Square."

Also cited there —  A paper by Pasini and Van Maldeghem that mentions
the Klein quadric.

Those sources suggested a search —

The link is to some geometry recently described by Tabachnikov
that seems rather elegant:

For another, more direct, connection to the geometry of the 4×4 square,
see Richard Evan Schwartz in this  journal.

This same Schwartz appears also in the above Tabachnikov paper:

Tuesday, April 3, 2018

Easter at Cambridge

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 11:33 pm

Three geometric readings, in chronological order —

Thursday, July 6, 2017

A Pleasing Situation

Filed under: General,Geometry — Tags: — m759 @ 9:20 pm

The 4x4x4 cube is the natural setting
for the finite version of the Klein quadric
and the eight "heptads" discussed by
Conwell in 1910.

As R. Shaw remarked in 1995, 
"The situation is indeed quite pleasing."

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