Saturday, August 28, 2021
Geometry for Jews continues.
The conclusion of Solomon Golomb's
"Rubik's Cube and Quarks,"
American Scientist , May-June 1982 —
Related geometric meditation —
Archimedes at Hiroshima
in posts tagged Aitchison.
* As opposed to Solomon's Cube .
Comments Off on Solomon’s Super* Cube…
Friday, November 10, 2023
In memory of a former president of Boston University —
Other posts now tagged Cube Mine.
Related entertainment —
Comments Off on Cube Mine
Wednesday, March 9, 2022
The new URL supercube.space forwards to http://box759.wordpress.com/.
The term supercube is from a 1982 article by Solomon W. Golomb.
The related new URL supercube.group forwards to a page that
describes how the 2x2x2 (or eightfold, or "super") cube's natural
underlying automorphism group is Klein's simple group of order 168.
For further context, see the new URL supercube.art.
For some background, see the phrase Cube Space in this journal.
Comments Off on Supercube Space
Thursday, June 27, 2019
For affine group actions, see Ex Fano Appollinis (June 24)
and Solomon's Cube.
For one approach to Mathieu group actions on a 24-cube subset
of the 4x4x4 cube, see . . .
For a different sort of Mathieu cube, see Aitchison.
Comments Off on Group Actions on the 4x4x4 Cube
Sunday, May 8, 2016
Earlier posts have dealt with Solomon Marcus and Solomon Golomb,
both of whom died this year — Marcus on Saint Patrick's Day, and
Golomb on Orthodox Easter Sunday. This suggests a review of
Solomon LeWitt, who died on Catholic Easter Sunday, 2007.
A quote from LeWitt indicates the depth of the word "conceptual"
in his approach to "conceptual art."
From Sol LeWitt: A Retrospective , edited by Gary Garrels, Yale University Press, 2000, p. 376:
THE SQUARE AND THE CUBE
by Sol LeWitt
"The best that can be said for either the square or the cube is that they are relatively uninteresting in themselves. Being basic representations of two- and three-dimensional form, they lack the expressive force of other more interesting forms and shapes. They are standard and universally recognized, no initiation being required of the viewer; it is immediately evident that a square is a square and a cube a cube. Released from the necessity of being significant in themselves, they can be better used as grammatical devices from which the work may proceed."
"Reprinted from Lucy R. Lippard et al ., “Homage to the Square,” Art in America 55, No. 4 (July-August 1967): 54. (LeWitt’s contribution was originally untitled.)"
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See also the Cullinane models of some small Galois spaces —
Comments Off on The Three Solomons
Wednesday, May 4, 2016
Material related to the previous post, "Symmetry" —
This is the group of "8 rigid motions
generated by reflections in midplanes"
of "Solomon's Cube."
Material from this journal on May 1, the date of Golomb's death —
"Weitere Informationen zu diesem Themenkreis
finden sich unter http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/
index.php/Cullinane_diamond_theorem und
http://finitegeometry.org/sc/gen/coord.html ."
Comments Off on Solomon Golomb, 1932-2016
Sunday, November 15, 2015
Anyone who clicked on the Dirac search at the end of
the previous post, "Dirac's Diamond," may wonder why the
"Solomon's Cube" post of 11 AM Sunday, March 1, 2009,
appeared in the Dirac search results, since there is no
apparent mention of Dirac in that Sunday post.
Use the source —
<!– See also "a linear transformation of V6… which preserves
the Klein quadric; in this way we arrive at the isomorphism of
Sym(8) withthe full orthogonal group O+(6; 2)." in "The
Classification of Flats in PG(9,2) which are External to the
Grassmannian G1,4,2 Authors: Shaw, Ron;
 Maks, Johannes; Gordon, Neil; Source: Designs,
Codes and Cryptography, Volume 34, Numbers 2-3, February
2005 , pp. 203-227; Publisher: Springer.  For more details,
see "Finite Geometry, Dirac Groups and the Table of Real
Clifford Algebras," by R. Shaw (U. of Hull), pp. 59-99 in
Clifford Algebras and Spinor Structures, by By Albert
Crumeyrolle, Rafał Abłamowicz, Pertti Lounesto,
published by Springer, 1995. –>
Comments Off on The Diamond and the Cube
Tuesday, October 16, 2012
Last Wednesday's 11 PM post mentioned the
adjacency-isomorphism relating the 4-dimensional
hypercube over the 2-element Galois field GF(2) to
the 4×4 array made up of 16 square cells, with
opposite edges of the 4×4 array identified.
A web page illustrates this property with diagrams that
enjoy the Karnaugh property— adjacent vertices, or cells,
differ in exactly one coordinate. A brief paper by two German
authors relates the Karnaugh property to the construction
of a magic square like that of Dürer (see last Wednesday).
In a similar way (search the Web for Karnaugh + cube ),
vertex adjacency in the 6-dimensional hypercube over GF(2)
is isomorphic to cell adjacency in the 4x4x4 cube, with
opposite faces of the 4x4x4 cube identified.
The above cube may be used to illustrate some properties
of the 64-point Galois 6-space that are more advanced
than those studied by enthusiasts of "magic" squares
and cubes.
See
Those who prefer narrative to mathematics may
consult posts in this journal containing the word "Cuber."
Comments Off on Cube Review
Sunday, August 5, 2012
The second Logos figure in the previous post
summarized affine group actions on partitions
that generate a group of about 1.3 trillion
permutations of a 4x4x4 cube (shown below)—
Click for further details.
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Thursday, July 26, 2012
(Mathematics and Narrative, continued)
Narrative—
The Ring and The Stone from yesterday’s post, and…
“In Medieval Jewish, Christian and Islamic legends,
the Seal of Solomon was a magical signet ring
said to have been possessed by King Solomon….”
— Wikipedia article, Seal of Solomon
Mathematics—
A fact related to the mathematical
“Solomon’s seal” described above by Bell:
The reference to Edge is as follows—
[3] Edge, W. L., Quadrics over GF(2) and
their relevance for the cubic surface group,
Canadian J. Maths. 11 (1959) ….
(This reference relates Hirschfeld’s remarks
quoted above to the 64-point affine space
illustrated below (via the associated
63-point projective space PG (5, 2)).
As for the narrative’s Stone…
Comments Off on Solomon’s Seal
Wednesday, January 11, 2012
“Examples galore of this feeling must have arisen in the minds of the people who extended the Magic Cube concept to other polyhedra, other dimensions, other ways of slicing. And once you have made or acquired a new ‘cube’… you will want to know how to export a known algorithm , broken up into its fundamental operators , from a familiar cube. What is the essence of each operator? One senses a deep invariant lying somehow ‘down underneath’ it all, something that one can’t quite verbalize but that one recognizes so clearly and unmistakably in each new example, even though that example might violate some feature one had thought necessary up to that very moment. In fact, sometimes that violation is what makes you sure you’re seeing the same thing , because it reveals slippabilities you hadn’t sensed up till that time….
… example: There is clearly only one sensible 4 × 4 × 4 Magic Cube. It is the answer; it simply has the right spirit .”
— Douglas R. Hofstadter, 1985, Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern (Kindle edition, locations 11557-11572)
See also Many Dimensions in this journal and Solomon’s Cube.
Comments Off on Cuber
Saturday, October 24, 2009
A search for “Chinese Cube” (based on the the previous entry’s title) reveals the existence of a most interesting character, who…
“… has attempted in his books to produce a Science and Art of Reasoning using the simplest of the Platonic solids, the Cube. [His] model also parallels, in some ways, the Cube of Space constructed from the Sepher Yetzirah’s attributions for the Hebrew letters and their direction. [He] elucidated his theories at great length….”
— More…
For related remarks, see the link to Solomon’s Cube from the previous entry.
Then of course there is…
Click on figure for details.
Comments Off on Chinese Cubes Continued
Thursday, October 22, 2009
From the Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, Jan. 26, 2005:
What is known about unit cubes
by Chuanming Zong, Peking University
Abstract: Unit cubes, from any point of view, are among the simplest and the most important objects in n-dimensional Euclidean space. In fact, as one will see from this survey, they are not simple at all….
From Log24, now:
What is known about the 4×4×4 cube
by Steven H. Cullinane, unaffiliated
Abstract: The 4×4×4 cube, from one point of view, is among the simplest and the most important objects in n-dimensional binary space. In fact, as one will see from the links below, it is not simple at all.
Solomon's Cube
The Klein Correspondence, Penrose Space-Time, and a Finite Model
Non-Euclidean Blocks
Geometry of the I Ching
Related material:
Monday's entry Just Say NO and a poem by Stevens,
"The Well Dressed Man with a Beard."
Comments Off on Chinese Cubes
Wednesday, November 22, 2023
* Author of Jewel Box: Stories ( Erewhon Books, Oct. 24, 2023).
Comments Off on For E. Lily Yu* — Devs Setting
Sunday, November 19, 2023
Heinlein:
"Sharpie, we have condensed six dimensions into four,
then we either work by analogy into six, or we have to use math
that apparently nobody but Jake and my cousin Ed understands.
Unless you can think of some way to project six dimensions into three–
you seem to be smart at such projections."
I closed my eyes and thought hard. "Zebbie, I don't think it can be done.
Maybe Escher could have done it."
Escher’s Verbum
Solomon’s Cube
Comments Off on Six Dimensions
Friday, November 17, 2023
From Chapter 23, "Poetry," by Adam Parkes, in
A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture,
edited by David Bradshaw and Kevin J. H. Dettmar,
Blackwell Companions to Literature and Culture,
© 2006 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Writing in 1910–11, the English poet and critic T. E. Hulme claimed that the two major traditions in poetry, romanticism and classicism, were as different as a well and a bucket. According to the romantic party, Hulme explained, humankind is “intrinsically good, spoilt by circumstance”; that is, our nature is “a well, a reservoir full of possibilities.” For the classical party, however, human nature is “like a bucket”; it is “intrinsically limited, but disciplined by order and tradition to something fairly decent” (Hulme 1987: 117). But it was not only that romanticism and classicism were as dissimilar as a well and a bucket; their contents were different, too. To draw water from the well of romanticism was, in effect, to pour a “pot of treacle over the dinner table,” while the classical bucket was more likely to be full of little stones – or jewels, perhaps. Romanticism, in Hulme’s view, was the result of displaced religious fervor; it represented the return of religious instincts that the “perverted rhetoric of Rationalism” had suppressed, so that “concepts that are right and proper in their own sphere are spread over, and so mess up, falsify and blur the clear outlines of human experience” (Hulme 1987: 118). Classicism, by contrast, traded in dry goods – dry, hard goods, to be precise.
Hulme left little doubt as to which side he was on. “It is essential to prove,” he argued, “that beauty may be in small, dry things. The great aim is accurate, precise and definite description. . . . I prophesy that a period of dry, hard, classical verse is coming” (Hulme 1987: 131–3). If by “dry, hard, classical verse” Hulme meant poems looking like the fragments of Sappho, he didn’t have to wait long to see his prophecy fulfilled.
The hard sand breaks,
and the grains of it
are clear as wine.
Far off over the leagues of it,
the wind,
228
playing on the wide shore,
piles little ridges,
and the great waves
break over it.
So wrote Hilda Doolittle in “Hermes of the Ways,” the first poem that she signed “H. D., Imagiste” at the behest of her fellow American expatriate Ezra Pound. From Pound’s perspective, the Imagist movement that he co-founded in 1912 with H. D. and the English poet Richard Aldington was finished well before the First World War began in August 1914; throughout this war-torn decade, however, Imagism continued to spawn the poetry of “small, dry things” whose coming Hulme had predicted a few years before.
Indeed, modernist poets weren’t content merely to break down the extended heroic narratives – the “spilt religion,” as Hulme put it – of their treacly nineteenthcentury predecessors; they insisted on breaking down small things into ever-smaller particles and subparticles. This logic of disintegration is clearly at work in poems like “Hermes of the Ways,” where each line is metrically unique, creating a sense of perpetual freshness – an apotheosis of modernity, as it were.
REFERENCE
Hulme, T. E. (1987). Speculations: Essays on Humanism and the Philosophy of Art, ed. Herbert Read. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul. First published 1924.
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Compare and contrast:
Jeremy Gray,
Plato's Ghost: The Modernist Transformation of Mathematics,
Princeton University Press, first edition Sept. 22, 2008 —
"Here, modernism is defined as an autonomous body of ideas,
having little or no outward reference, placing considerable emphasis
on formal aspects of the work and maintaining a complicated—
indeed, anxious— rather than a naïve relationship with the
day-to-day world, which is the de facto view of a coherent group
of people, such as a professional or discipline-based group
that has a high sense of the seriousness and value of what it is
trying to achieve. This brisk definition…."
(Quoted at the webpage Solomon's Cube.)
Comments Off on Classicism Continued: An Apotheosis of Modernity
Friday, October 13, 2023
See "Cube Space" + Lovasz.
This search was suggested by . . .
The conclusion of Solomon Golomb's
"Rubik's Cube and Quarks,"
American Scientist , May-June 1982 —
Comments Off on Hungarian Puzzle
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Wednesday, May 10, 2023
Douglas Hofstadter —
“… I realized that to me,
Gödel and Escher and Bach
were only shadows
cast in different directions by
some central solid essence.
I tried to reconstruct
the central object, and
came up with this book.”
Related images —
Escher’s Verbum
Solomon’s Cube
Comments Off on Saving the Appearances
Thursday, April 20, 2023
Continued from April 18 .
"Working with words to create art
and working with your hands to create art
seem like two separate activities to me."
— Cover artist, The New Yorker , on April 17
See also Alphabet Blocks in this journal
as well as Escher's Verbum.
Comments Off on Alphabet Meets Gestalt . . .
Monday, January 16, 2023
Comments Off on Ready When You Are, C. B.
Monday, November 28, 2022
"Rubik's Cube, and the simpler [2x2x2] Super Cube, represent
one form of mathematical and physical reality."
— Solomon W. Golomb, "Rubik's Cube and Quarks:
Twists on the eight corner cells of Rubik's Cube
provide a model for many aspects of quark behavior,"
American Scientist , Vol. 70, No. 3 (May-June 1982), pp. 257-259
From the last (Nov. 14, 2022) of the Log24 posts now tagged Groups and Spaces —
From the first (June 21, 2010) of the Log24 posts now tagged Groups and Spaces —
Comments Off on Groups, Spaces, and Ripoffs
Thursday, November 10, 2022
The above 1975 book by Robert Greer Cohn, Modes of Art, is
Volume I of a planned three-volume work.
The passage below is from a review of Cohn's Vol. II, Ways of Art —
Franklin, Ursula (1987) "Book Review: A Critical Work II.
Ways of Art: Literature. Music, Painting in France ,"
Grand Valley Review : Vol. 3: Iss. 1, Article 19. Available at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/gvr/vol3/iss1/19 .
. . . .
Those not familiar with the author's epistemology should begin with Appendix A of Ways of Art , a schematic demonstration of his tetrapolar-polypolar-dialectic, especially as it concerns the development of the French novel within the European tradition. But this dialectic, which has antecedents in Kierkegaard, Mallarme and Joyce, underlies all art, because: "this dimensional pulsation, or tetrapolar (and polypolar) higher vibrancy is, in short, the stuff of life: life is vibrant in this more complex way as well as in the more bipolar sense" (7). Cohn shows that "far out enough" the male or linear and the female or circular, the male vertical and the female horizontal dimensions "tend to merge as in relativity theory" (19). Ways of Art shows us the way through a historical becoming of art in its complex dialectic in which the metonymic (horizontal) axis constantly interrelates with the metaphoric (vertical). "Life is the mother, art the father" (vii); hence Cohn's quarrel with most contemporary Feminism, which is pronounced throughout the volume. Firmly grounded in its author's tetra-polypolar epistemology, this beautiful book becomes, however, at no point dryly abstract; it is the mature work of a true humanist who stands in clear and open opposition to the dehumanizing trend of "the quasi-scientific reductionism and abstract gimmickry of a great deal of current academic literary study, bellwethered by the structuralists, post-structuralists, and deconstructionists" (vi). Abundant footnotes constitute a substantial part of Ways of Art , on occasion developing insights almost into essays demonstrating crucial points along the general flow of the tradition from "Obscure Beginnings;' the opening chapter, to our "Contemporaries;' the last.
Cohn reminds us that "In the Beginning was the Word;' for the Judaeo-Christian tradition at least, which his study fervently embraces; thus, for example, in Appendix 0 on "The Dance of the Sexes;' he censures "those who live by slogans, camps, and peer-opinion, the countless little bastard cults which characterize an era which has massively veered away from our free and beautiful Greco-Judaeo-Christian tradition" (332). Cohn traces man's way and that of his myths and rituals culminating in his art from that beginning along the lines of Freud, Neumann and Cassirer, and many others, always demonstrating the underlying polypolar dialectical rhythm. Thus in "From Barbarism to Young Culture;' we follow the Celts to Druidic ritual, Hebrew beginnings to the Psalms, Dionysian ritual to Greek tragedy, and thence to the beginnings of French dramatic literature originating in the Quem quaeritis sequence of the medieval Mass. Along the way arises artistic symbolism, for Cohn synonymous with "effective poetry;' to finally "ripen in France as never before" (99). Table I (134) graphs this development from the twelfth to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author traces the rise of the artistic vocation from its antecedents in the double function of bard and priest, with the figure of Ronsard at the crossroads of that dying institution and the nascent concept of personal glory. "The Enlightenment Vocation" is exemplified in Montaigne, who humanizes the French cultural elite and points the way to French classicism and, farther down the road, after the moral collapse with the outgoing reign of Louis XIV, toward the Age of Reason. Clearly the most significant figure of the French Enlightenment for all of Western civilization is Rousseau, and Cohn beautifully shows us why this is so. Subsequently, "the nineteenth-century stage of the writer's journey will lead, starting from the crossroads of Rousseau, primarily in these two directions: the imperialistic and visionary prose of Balzac, the equally ambitious poetry of Mallarme", brothers under the skin" (199). And these two paths will then be reconciled in Proust's monumental A la recherche du temps perdu .
. . . .
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Comments Off on For Students of the Forked Tongue
Monday, October 31, 2022
Folklore —
Earlier in that same journal . . .
Mathematics —
Comments Off on Folklore vs. Mathematics
Saturday, June 25, 2022
Comments Off on Gödel, Escher, Bach
Friday, May 6, 2022
WIkipedia on the URL suffix ".io" —
"In computer science, "IO" or "I/O" is commonly used
as an abbreviation for input/output, which makes the
.io domain desirable for services that want to be
associated with technology. .io domains are often used
for open source projects, application programming
interfaces ("APIs"), startup companies, browser games,
and other online services."
An association with the Bead Game from a post of April 7, 2018 —
Glasperlenspiel passage quoted here in Summa Mythologica —
“"I suddenly realized that in the language, or at any rate
in the spirit of the Glass Bead Game, everything actually
was all-meaningful, that every symbol and combination of
symbols led not hither and yon, not to single examples,
experiments, and proofs, but into the center, the mystery
and innermost heart of the world, into primal knowledge.
Every transition from major to minor in a sonata, every
transformation of a myth or a religious cult, every classical
or artistic formulation was, I realized in that flashing moment,
if seen with a truly meditative mind, nothing but a direct route
into the interior of the cosmic mystery, where in the alternation
between inhaling and exhaling, between heaven and earth,
between Yin and Yang, holiness is forever being created.”
A less poetic meditation on the above 4x4x4 design cube —
"I saw that in the alternation between front and back,
between top and bottom, between left and right,
symmetry is forever being created."
See also a related remark by Lévi-Strauss in 1955:
"…three different readings become possible:
left to right, top to bottom, front to back."
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The recent use by a startup company of the URL "interality.io" suggests
a fourth reading for the 1955 list of Lévi-Strauss — in and out —
i.e., inner and outer group automorphisms — from a 2011 post
on the birthday of T. S. Eliot :
A transformation:
Click on the picture for details.
Comments Off on Interality and the Bead Game
See "Flusser and the I Ching," by Peter Zhang.
Zhang has written extensively on the concept of "interality,"
a term coined by his colleague Geling Shang.
For interality as the mathematics underlying the natural
automorphism group of the I Ching, see my own work.
Comments Off on Interality and the I Ching
Saturday, March 26, 2022
Many structures of finite geometry can be modeled by
rectangular or cubical arrays ("boxes") —
of subsquares or subcubes (also "boxes").
Here is a draft for a table of related material, arranged
as internet URL labels.
Finite Geometry Notes — Summary Chart
Name Tag
|
.Space
|
.Group
|
.Art
|
Box4
|
2×2 square representing the four-point finite affine geometry AG(2,2).
(Box4.space)
|
S4 = AGL(2,2)
(Box4.group)
|
(Box4.art)
|
Box6
|
3×2 (3-row, 2-column) rectangular array
representing the elements of an arbitrary 6-set.
|
S6
|
|
Box8
|
2x2x2 cube or 4×2 (4-row, 2-column) array.
|
S8 or A8 or AGL(3,2) of order 1344, or GL(3,2) of order 168
|
|
Box9
|
The 3×3 square.
|
AGL(2,3) or GL(2,3)
|
|
Box12
|
The 12 edges of a cube, or a 4×3 array for picturing the actions of the Mathieu group M12.
|
Symmetries of the cube or elements of the group M12
|
|
Box13
|
The 13 symmetry axes of the cube.
|
Symmetries of the cube.
|
|
Box15
|
The 15 points of PG(3,2), the projective geometry
of 3 dimensions over the 2-element Galois field.
|
Collineations of PG(3,2)
|
|
Box16
|
The 16 points of AG(4,2), the affine geometry
of 4 dimensions over the 2-element Galois field.
|
AGL(4,2), the affine group of
322,560 permutations of the parts
of a 4×4 array (a Galois tesseract)
|
|
Box20
|
The configuration representing Desargues's theorem.
|
|
|
Box21
|
The 21 points and 21 lines of PG(2,4).
|
|
|
Box24
|
The 24 points of the Steiner system S(5, 8, 24).
|
|
|
Box25
|
A 5×5 array representing PG(2,5).
|
|
|
Box27
|
The 3-dimensional Galois affine space over the
3-element Galois field GF(3).
|
|
|
Box28
|
The 28 bitangents of a plane quartic curve.
|
|
|
Box32
|
Pair of 4×4 arrays representing orthogonal
Latin squares.
|
Used to represent
elements of AGL(4,2)
|
|
Box35
|
A 5-row-by-7-column array representing the 35
lines in the finite projective space PG(3,2)
|
PGL(3,2), order 20,160
|
|
Box36
|
Eurler's 36-officer problem.
|
|
|
Box45
|
The 45 Pascal points of the Pascal configuration.
|
|
|
Box48
|
The 48 elements of the group AGL(2,3).
|
AGL(2,3).
|
|
Box56
|
The 56 three-sets within an 8-set or
56 triangles in a model of Klein's quartic surface or
the 56 spreads in PG(3,2).
|
|
|
Box60
|
The Klein configuration.
|
|
|
Box64
|
Solomon's cube.
|
|
|
— Steven H. Cullinane, March 26-27, 2022
Comments Off on Box Geometry: Space, Group, Art (Work in Progress)
Friday, December 31, 2021
Related art — The non-Rubik 3x3x3 cube —
The above structure illustrates the affine space of three dimensions
over the three-element finite (i.e., Galois) field, GF(3). Enthusiasts
of Judith Brown's nihilistic philosophy may note the "radiance" of the
13 axes of symmetry within the "central, structuring" subcube.
I prefer the radiance (in the sense of Aquinas) of the central, structuring
eightfold cube at the center of the affine space of six dimensions over
the two-element field GF(2).
Comments Off on Aesthetics in Academia
Thursday, March 5, 2020
Comments Off on Pythagorean Letter Meets Box of Chocolates
Monday, November 11, 2019
The misleading image at right above is from the cover of
an edition of Charles Williams's classic 1931 novel
Many Dimensions published in 1993 by Wm. B. Eerdmans.
Compare and constrast —
Cover of a book by Douglas Hofstadter
An Invariance of Symmetry
Comments Off on Time and Chance
Monday, September 9, 2019
See as well an obituary for Mrs. Wertham from 1987.
Related art —
For further details, search the Web for "Wertham Professor" + Eck.
Comments Off on ART WARS at Harvard: The Wertham Professorship
Sunday, July 15, 2018
"… Lincoln Plaza Cinemas, the Juilliard String Quartet,
and the Strand Book Store remained oases
for cultural and intellectual stimulation."
— John S. Friedman in The Forward , Jan. 21, 2018
Read more:
https://forward.com/culture/392483/
how-fred-bass-dan-talbot-robert-mann
-shaped-new-york-culture/
From the Oasis in Steven Spielberg's "Ready Player One" (2018) —
I prefer, from a Log24 search for Flux Capacitor …
From "Raiders of the Lost Images" —
"The cube shape of the lost Mother Box,
also known as the Change Engine,
is shared by the Stone in a novel by
Charles Williams, Many Dimensions .
See the Solomon's Cube webpage."
Comments Off on Jewish Oases
Sunday, July 8, 2018
Thursday, June 7, 2018
See also Eightfold Trinity in this journal.
Comments Off on For Dan Brown
Saturday, May 19, 2018
For Tom Hanks and Dan Brown —
From "Raiders of the Lost Images" —
"The cube shape of the lost Mother Box,
also known as the Change Engine,
is shared by the Stone in a novel by
Charles Williams, Many Dimensions .
See the Solomon's Cube webpage."
See as well a Google search for flux philosophy —
https://www.google.com/search?q=flux+philosophy.
Comments Off on Flux Capacitor
Saturday, April 7, 2018
The FBI holding cube in "The Blacklist" —
" 'The Front' is not the whole story . . . ."
— Vincent Canby, New York Times film review, 1976,
as quoted in Wikipedia.
See also Solomon's Cube in this journal.
Some may view the above web page as illustrating the
Glasperlenspiel passage quoted here in Summa Mythologica —
“"I suddenly realized that in the language, or at any rate
in the spirit of the Glass Bead Game, everything actually
was all-meaningful, that every symbol and combination of
symbols led not hither and yon, not to single examples,
experiments, and proofs, but into the center, the mystery
and innermost heart of the world, into primal knowledge.
Every transition from major to minor in a sonata, every
transformation of a myth or a religious cult, every classical
or artistic formulation was, I realized in that flashing moment,
if seen with a truly meditative mind, nothing but a direct route
into the interior of the cosmic mystery, where in the alternation
between inhaling and exhaling, between heaven and earth,
between Yin and Yang, holiness is forever being created.”
A less poetic meditation on the above 4x4x4 design cube —
"I saw that in the alternation between front and back,
between top and bottom, between left and right,
symmetry is forever being created."
See also a related remark by Lévi-Strauss in 1955:
"…three different readings become possible:
left to right, top to bottom, front to back."
Comments Off on Sides
Monday, March 12, 2018
Stein reportedly died at 100 last Friday (March 9).
Related material —
Textiles by Stein arranged on the six faces of a cube —
Ethel Stein, "Circus & Slapstick," 1996
See also a less amusing approach to
patterns on the faces of a cube.
Comments Off on Stein
Tuesday, February 27, 2018
On the recent film "Justice League" —
From DC Extended Universe Wiki, "Mother Box" —
"However, during World War I, the British rediscovered
mankind's lost Mother Box. They conducted numerous studies
but were unable to date it due to its age. The Box was then
shelved in an archive, up until the night Superman died,
where it was then sent to Doctor Silas Stone, who
recognized it as a perpetual energy matrix. . . ." [Link added.]
The cube shape of the lost Mother Box, also known as the
Change Engine, is shared by the Stone in a novel by Charles Williams,
Many Dimensions . See the Solomon's Cube webpage.
See too the matrix of Claude Lévi-Strauss in posts tagged
Verwandlungslehre .
Some literary background:
Who speaks in primordial images speaks to us
as with a thousand trumpets, he grips and overpowers,
and at the same time he elevates that which he treats
out of the individual and transitory into the sphere of
the eternal. — C. G. JUNG
"In the conscious use of primordial images—
the archetypes of thought—
one modern novelist stands out as adept and
grand master: Charles Williams.
In The Place of the Lion he incarnates Plato’s
celestial archetypes with hair-raising plausibility.
In Many Dimensions he brings a flock of ordinary
mortals face to face with the stone bearing
the Tetragrammaton, the Divine Name, the sign of Four.
Whether we understand every line of a Williams novel
or not, we feel something deep inside us quicken
as Williams tells the tale.
Here, in The Greater Trumps , he has turned to
one of the prime mysteries of earth . . . ."
— William Lindsay Gresham, Preface (1950) to
Charles Williams's The Greater Trumps (1932)
For fans of what the recent series Westworld called "bulk apperception" —
Comments Off on Raiders of the Lost Images
Tuesday, January 16, 2018
Other intersection-points-counting material —
The Finkelstein Talisman:
See also Hanks + Cube in this journal —
.
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Thursday, December 21, 2017
A review —
Some context —
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Tuesday, October 24, 2017
The most recent post in the "Visual Insight" blog of the
American Mathematical Society was by John Baez on Jan. 1, 2017 —
A visually related concept — See Solomon's Cube in this journal.
Chronologically related — Posts now tagged New Year's Day 2017.
Solomon's cube is the 4x4x4 case of the diamond theorem —
Comments Off on Visual Insight
Sunday, July 30, 2017
Comments Off on Sermon: MS R I
Monday, July 24, 2017
The above title was suggested by a film trailer quoted here Saturday —
" Jeremy Irons' dry Alfred Pennyworth:
'One misses the days when one's biggest concerns
were exploding wind-up penguins.' "
"Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition" describes, among other books,
an edition of the I Ching published on December 1, 2015.
Excerpt from this journal on that date —
Tuesday, December 1, 2015
Filed under: Uncategorized — m759 @ 9:00 PM
(Continued)
"The positional meaning of a symbol derives from
its relationship to other symbols in a totality, a Gestalt,
whose elements acquire their significance from the
system as a whole."
— Victor Turner, The Forest of Symbols , Ithaca, NY,
Cornell University Press, 1967, p. 51, quoted by
Beth Barrie in "Victor Turner."
(Turner pioneered the use of the term "symbology,"
a term later applied by Dan Brown to a fictional
scholarly pursuit at Harvard.)
. . . .
|
Related material —
Comments Off on Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition
Thursday, June 22, 2017
With a hat tip to Vinnie Mancuso —
Comments Off on Face Henge
Wednesday, June 21, 2017
Remark on conceptual art quoted in the previous post —
"…he’s giving the concept but not the realization."
A concept — See a note from this date in 1983:
A realization —
Not the best possible realization, but enough for proof of concept .
Comments Off on Concept and Realization
Tuesday, May 2, 2017
Comments Off on Image Albums
Saturday, April 1, 2017
Prequel —
Note that Yale's die design and use of the phrase "rigid motions"
differ from those in the webpage "Solomon's Cube."
Comments Off on Beyond All Recognition
Wednesday, March 29, 2017
Another view of the previous post's art space —
More generally, see Solomon's Cube in Log24.
See also a remark from Stack Exchange in yesterday's post Backstory,
and the Stack Exchange math logo below, which recalls the above
cube arrangement from "Affine groups on small binary spaces" (1984).
Comments Off on Art Space Illustrated
Friday, March 10, 2017
Or: Y for Yale continued
See also Transformers in this journal and Y for Yale.
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Thursday, March 2, 2017
"We tell ourselves stories in order to live." — Joan Didion
The New York Times Magazine online today —
"As a former believer and now a nonbeliever, Carrère,
seeking answers, sets out, in The Kingdom , to tell
the story of the storytellers. He is trying to understand
what it takes to be able to tell a story, any story.
And what he finds, once again, is that you have to find
your role in it."
— Wyatt Mason in The New York Times Magazine ,
online March 2, 2017
Like Tom Hanks?
Click image for related posts.
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Sunday, February 26, 2017
Transformations acting on Solomon's Cube
furnish a model of poetic order.
Some backstory for Hollywood —
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Saturday, February 18, 2017
See Hanks + Cube in this journal … For instance …
Comments Off on Solid Symmetry (continued)
The Log24 version (Nov. 9, 2005, and later posts) —
The Warner Brothers version —
The Paramount version —
See also related material in the previous post, Transformers.
Comments Off on Verbum
Thursday, January 12, 2017
From "Solomon's Cube" —
Related material —
"Is this a dagger I see before me?"
"No." (A line suggested by Polanski's 2010 "The Ghost Writer")
Comments Off on The Cherished Gift
Monday, October 3, 2016
Friday, August 5, 2016
From an earlier Log24 post —
From a post of the next day, July 12, 2014 —
"So there are several different genres and tones
jostling for prominence within Lexicon :
a conspiracy thriller, an almost abstract debate
about what language can do, and an ironic
questioning of some of the things it’s currently used for."
— Graham Sleight in The Washington Post
a year earlier, on July 15, 2013
For the Church of Synchronology, from Log24 on the next day —
From a post titled Circles on the date of Marc Simont's death —
See as well Verhexung in this journal.
Comments Off on Sleight of Post
Thursday, July 14, 2016
The title is that of a large-scale British research project
in mathematics. On a more modest scale …
"Hanks + Cube" in this journal —
Block That Metaphor —
Comments Off on Symmetries and Correspondences
Sunday, June 26, 2016
Rubik's Cube Core Assembly — Swarthmore Cube Project, 2008 —
"Children of the Common Core" —
There is also a central structure within Solomon's Cube —
For a more elaborate entertainment along these lines, see the recent film
"Midnight Special" —
Comments Off on Common Core versus Central Structure
Tuesday, June 21, 2016
“The central poem is the poem of the whole,
The poem of the composition of the whole”
— Wallace Stevens, “A Primitive like an Orb”
The symmetries of the central four squares in any pattern
from the 4×4 version of the diamond theorem extend to
symmetries of the entire pattern. This is true also of the
central eight cubes in the 4×4×4 Solomon’s cube .
Comments Off on The Central Structure
Tuesday, May 3, 2016
A note related to the diamond theorem and to the site
Finite Geometry of the Square and Cube —
The last link in the previous post leads to a post of last October whose
final link leads, in turn, to a 2009 post titled Summa Mythologica .
Some may view the above web page as illustrating the
Glasperlenspiel passage quoted here in Summa Mythologica —
“"I suddenly realized that in the language, or at any rate
in the spirit of the Glass Bead Game, everything actually
was all-meaningful, that every symbol and combination of
symbols led not hither and yon, not to single examples,
experiments, and proofs, but into the center, the mystery
and innermost heart of the world, into primal knowledge.
Every transition from major to minor in a sonata, every
transformation of a myth or a religious cult, every classical
or artistic formulation was, I realized in that flashing moment,
if seen with a truly meditative mind, nothing but a direct route
into the interior of the cosmic mystery, where in the alternation
between inhaling and exhaling, between heaven and earth,
between Yin and Yang, holiness is forever being created.”
A less poetic meditation on the above web page* —
"I saw that in the alternation between front and back,
between top and bottom, between left and right,
symmetry is forever being created."
Update of Sept. 5, 2016 — See also a related remark
by Lévi-Strauss in 1955: "…three different readings
become possible: left to right, top to bottom, front
to back."
* For the underlying mathematics, see a June 21, 1983, research note.
Comments Off on Symmetry
Wednesday, April 20, 2016
The reference in the previous post to the work of Guitart and
The Road to Universal Logic suggests a fiction involving
the symmetric generation of the simple group of order 168.
See The Diamond Archetype and a fictional account of the road to Hell …
The cover illustration below has been adapted to
replace the flames of PyrE with the eightfold cube.
For related symmetric generation of a much larger group, see Solomon’s Cube.
Comments Off on Symmetric Generation of a Simple Group
Wednesday, December 2, 2015
Click image to search Log24
for Solomon + Stone.
Comments Off on Symbology
Saturday, April 25, 2015
For Poetry Month
From the home page of Alexandre Borovik:
Book in progress: Shadows of the Truth
This book (to be published soon) can be viewed
as a sequel to Mathematics under the Microscope ,
but with focus shifted on mathematics as it was
experienced by children (well, by children who
became mathematicians). The cover is designed
by Edmund Harriss.
See also Harriss's weblog post of Dec. 27, 2008, on the death
of Harold Pinter: "The Search for the Truth Can Never Stop."
This suggests a review of my own post of Dec. 3, 2012,
"The Revisiting." A figure from that post:
Comments Off on Ghosts and Shadows
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Tom Hanks as Indiana Langdon in Raiders of the Lost Articulation :
An unarticulated (but colored) cube:
A 2x2x2 articulated cube:
A 4x4x4 articulated cube built from subcubes like
the one viewed by Tom Hanks above:
Solomon’s Cube
Comments Off on Raiders of the Lost Articulation
Saturday, July 12, 2014
For Ursula K. Le Guin
“For me it is a sign that we have fundamentally different
conceptions of the work of the intelligence services.”
— Germany’s Chancellor Angela Merkel in
theguardian.com, Saturday, 12 July 2014, 14.32 EDT
Another sort of service, thanks to Dan Brown and Tom Hanks:
Comments Off on Mars Package
A sequel to the 1974 film
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot :
Contingent and Fluky
Some variations on a thunderbolt theme:
These variations also exemplify the larger
Verbum theme:
Escher’s Verbum
Solomon’s Cube
A search today for Verbum in this journal yielded
a Georgetown University Chomskyite, Professor
David W. Lightfoot.
"Dr. Lightfoot writes mainly on syntactic theory,
language acquisition and historical change, which
he views as intimately related. He argues that
internal language change is contingent and fluky,
takes place in a sequence of bursts, and is best
viewed as the cumulative effect of changes in
individual grammars, where a grammar is a
'language organ' represented in a person's
mind/brain and embodying his/her language
faculty."
Some syntactic work by another contingent and fluky author
is related to the visual patterns illustrated above.
See Tecumseh Fitch in this journal.
For other material related to the large Verbum cube,
see posts for the 18th birthday of Harry Potter.
That birthday was also the upload date for the following:
See esp. the comments section.
Comments Off on Sequel
Friday, July 11, 2014
Comments Off on Spiegel-Spiel des Gevierts
Friday, May 9, 2014
“The About page contains detailed descriptions of the project….”
— The Illustris project on constructing a model of the universe
For the mathematics of a simpler traditional Chinese model
of everything, see
Comments Off on Models of Everything
Thursday, March 27, 2014
(Continued)
Definition: A diamond space — informal phrase denoting
a subspace of AG(6, 2), the six-dimensional affine space
over the two-element Galois field.
The reason for the name:
Click to enlarge.
Comments Off on Diamond Space
Saturday, March 1, 2014
From New World Encyclopedia —
See also Tetragrammaton in this journal.
For further context, see Solomon's Cube and Oct. 16, 2013.
Comments Off on HaShem
Saturday, April 21, 2012
In "Contact," Dr. Arroway is shown the key to the Primer—
In this journal, fictional symbologist Robert Langdon is shown a cube—
"Confusion is nothing new." — Song lyric
Comments Off on Finding a Form
Wednesday, April 18, 2012
…. and John Golding, an authority on Cubism who "courted abstraction"—
"Adam in Eden was the father of Descartes." — Wallace Stevens
Fictional symbologist Robert Langdon and a cube—
From a Log24 post, "Eightfold Cube Revisited,"
on the date of Golding's death—
A related quotation—
"… quaternions provide a useful paradigm
for studying the phenomenon of 'triality.'"
— David A. Richter's webpage Zometool Triality
See also quaternions in another Log24 post
from the date of Golding's death— Easter Act.
Comments Off on Adam in Eden
Monday, April 16, 2012
Gary Gutting, "Arguing About Language," in "The Stone,"
The New York Times philosophy column, yesterday—
There's a sense in which we speak language
and a sense in which, in Mallarmé's famous phrase,
“language itself speaks.”
Famous? A Google Book Search for
"language itself speaks" Mallarmé
yields 2 results, neither helpful.
But a Google Book Search for
"language itself speaks" Heidegger
yields "about 312 results."
A related search yields the following—
Paul Valéry, encountering Un Coup de Dés in Mallarmé’s worksheets in 1897, described the text as tracing the pattern of thought itself:
It seemed to me that I was looking at the form and pattern of a thought, placed for the first time in finite space. Here space itself truly spoke, dreamed, and gave birth to temporal forms….
… there in the same void with them, like some new form of matter arranged in systems or masses or trailing lines, coexisted the Word! (Leonardo 309*)
* The page number is apparently a reference to The Collected Works of Paul Valéry: Leonardo, Poe, Mallarmé , translated by Malcolm Cowley and James R. Lawler, Princeton University Press, 1972. (As a temporal form, "309" might be interpreted as a reference to 3/09, March 9, the date of a webpage on the Void.)
For example—
Background:
Deconstructing Alice
and Symbology.
Comments Off on Carroll Thanks the Academy
Thursday, April 12, 2012
"Is Space Digital?"
— Cover story, Scientific American magazine, February 2012
"The idea that space may be digital
is a fringe idea of a fringe idea
of a speculative subfield of a subfield."
— Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder
at her weblog on Feb. 5, 2012
"A quantization of space/time
is a holy grail for many theorists…."
— Peter Woit in a comment at his physics weblog today
See also
* See yesterday's Steiner's Systems.
Comments Off on Mythopoetic*
Thursday, April 5, 2012
Comments Off on Meanwhile, back in 1950…
Tuesday, February 14, 2012
The showmanship of Nicki Minaj at Sunday's
Grammy Awards suggested the above title,
that of a novel by the author of The Exorcist .
The Ninth Configuration —
The ninth* in a list of configurations—
"There is a (2d-1)d configuration
known as the Cox configuration."
— MathWorld article on "Configuration"
For further details on the Cox 326 configuration's Levi graph,
a model of the 64 vertices of the six-dimensional hypercube γ6 ,
see Coxeter, "Self-Dual Configurations and Regular Graphs,"
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. Vol. 56, pages 413-455, 1950.
This contains a discussion of Kummer's 166 as it
relates to γ6 , another form of the 4×4×4 Galois cube.
See also Solomon's Cube.
* Or tenth, if the fleeting reference to 113 configurations is counted as the seventh—
and then the ninth would be a 153 and some related material would be Inscapes.
Comments Off on The Ninth Configuration
Tuesday, January 17, 2012
In memory of Bach interpreter
Gustav Leonhardt —
Augenmusik
Comments Off on Augenmusik
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
Comments Off on Intermediate Cubism
Tuesday, December 7, 2010
Suggested by Dan Brown's remarks in today's Science Times special section on puzzles—
For a fanciful linkage of the dreidel 's concept of chance
to The Stone 's concept of invariant law, note that the
New York Lottery evening number on Dec. 1 (the
beginning of Hanukkah) was 840. See also the number
840 in the final post (July 20, 2002) of a search for
Solomon's Cube.
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Comments Off on The Tiffany Puzzle
Thursday, December 2, 2010
The Dreidel Is Cast
The Nietzschean phrase "ruling and Caesarian spirits" occurred in yesterday morning's post "Novel Ending."
That post was followed yesterday morning by a post marking, instead, a beginning— that of Hanukkah 2010. That Jewish holiday, whose name means "dedication," commemorates the (re)dedication of the Temple in Jerusalem in 165 BC.
The holiday is celebrated with, among other things, the Jewish version of a die— the dreidel . Note the similarity of the dreidel to an illustration of The Stone* on the cover of the 2001 Eerdmans edition of Charles Williams's 1931 novel Many Dimensions—
For mathematics related to the dreidel , see Ivars Peterson's column on this date fourteen years ago.
For mathematics related (if only poetically) to The Stone , see "Solomon's Cube" in this journal.
Here is the opening of Many Dimensions—
For a fanciful linkage of the dreidel 's concept of chance to The Stone 's concept of invariant law, note that the New York Lottery yesterday evening (the beginning of Hanukkah) was 840. See also the number 840 in the final post (July 20, 2002) of the "Solomon's Cube" search.
Some further holiday meditations on a beginning—
Today, on the first full day of Hanukkah, we may or may not choose to mark another beginning— that of George Frederick James Temple, who was born in London on this date in 1901. Temple, a mathematician, was President of the London Mathematical Society in 1951-1953. From his MacTutor biography—
"In 1981 (at the age of 80) he published a book on the history of mathematics. This book 100 years of mathematics (1981) took him ten years to write and deals with, in his own words:-
those branches of mathematics in which I had been personally involved.
He declared that it was his last mathematics book, and entered the Benedictine Order as a monk. He was ordained in 1983 and entered Quarr Abbey on the Isle of Wight. However he could not stop doing mathematics and when he died he left a manuscript on the foundations of mathematics. He claims:-
The purpose of this investigation is to carry out the primary part of Hilbert's programme, i.e. to establish the consistency of set theory, abstract arithmetic and propositional logic and the method used is to construct a new and fundamental theory from which these theories can be deduced."
For a brief review of Temple's last work, see the note by Martin Hyland in "Fundamental Mathematical Theories," by George Temple, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, A, Vol. 354, No. 1714 (Aug. 15, 1996), pp. 1941-1967.
The following remarks by Hyland are of more general interest—
"… one might crudely distinguish between philosophical and mathematical motivation. In the first case one tries to convince with a telling conceptual story; in the second one relies more on the elegance of some emergent mathematical structure. If there is a tradition in logic it favours the former, but I have a sneaking affection for the latter. Of course the distinction is not so clear cut. Elegant mathematics will of itself tell a tale, and one with the merit of simplicity. This may carry philosophical weight. But that cannot be guaranteed: in the end one cannot escape the need to form a judgement of significance."
— J. M. E. Hyland. "Proof Theory in the Abstract." (pdf)
Annals of Pure and Applied Logic 114, 2002, 43-78.
Here Hyland appears to be discussing semantic ("philosophical," or conceptual) and syntactic ("mathematical," or structural) approaches to proof theory. Some other remarks along these lines, from the late Gian-Carlo Rota—
(Click to enlarge.)
See also "Galois Connections" at alpheccar.org and "The Galois Connection Between Syntax and Semantics" at logicmatters.net.
* Williams's novel says the letters of The Stone are those of the Tetragrammaton— i.e., Yod, He, Vau, He (cf. p. 26 of the 2001 Eerdmans edition). But the letters on the 2001 edition's cover Stone include the three-pronged letter Shin , also found on the dreidel . What esoteric religious meaning is implied by this, I do not know.
Comments Off on Caesarian
Wednesday, September 1, 2010
For Alyssa Milano —
The Forking
(Click here for cheesy Neil Diamond background music.)
For some related philosophical remarks, see Deconstructing Alice
and the new Pythagorean thriller The Thousand.
Comments Off on September Morn
Wednesday, June 16, 2010
David Levine's portrait of Arthur Koestler (see Dec. 30, 2009) —
Escher’s Verbum
Solomon’s Cube
Geometry of the I Ching
See also this morning's post as well as
Monday's post quoting George David Birkhoff —
"If I were a Leibnizian mystic… I would say that…
God thinks multi-dimensionally — that is,
uses multi-dimensional symbols beyond our grasp."
Comments Off on Brightness at Noon
(Continued from April 23, 2009, and February 13, 2010.)
Paul Valéry as quoted in yesterday’s post:
“The S[elf] is invariant, origin, locus or field, it’s a functional property of consciousness” (Cahiers, 15:170 [2: 315])
The geometric example discussed here yesterday as a Self symbol may seem too small to be really impressive. Here is a larger example from the Chinese, rather than European, tradition. It may be regarded as a way of representing the Galois field GF(64). (“Field” is a rather ambiguous term; here it does not, of course, mean what it did in the Valéry quotation.)
From Geometry of the I Ching—
The above 64 hexagrams may also be regarded as
the finite affine space AG(6,2)— a larger version
of the finite affine space AG(4,2) in yesterday’s post.
That smaller space has a group of 322,560 symmetries.
The larger hexagram space has a group of
1,290,157,424,640 affine symmetries.
From a paper on GL(6,2), the symmetry group
of the corresponding projective space PG(5,2),*
which has 1/64 as many symmetries—
(Click to enlarge.)
For some narrative in the European tradition
related to this geometry, see Solomon’s Cube.
* Update of July 29, 2011: The “PG(5,2)” above is a correction from an earlier error.
Comments Off on Geometry of Language
Tuesday, May 4, 2010
Romancing the
Non-Euclidean Hyperspace
Backstory —
Mere Geometry, Types of Ambiguity,
Dream Time, and Diamond Theory, 1937
For the 1937 grid, see Diamond Theory, 1937.
The grid is, as Mere Geometry points out, a non-Euclidean hyperspace.
For the diamonds of 2010, see Galois Geometry and Solomon’s Cube.
Comments Off on Mathematics and Narrative, continued
Sunday, March 21, 2010
It is well known that the seven (22 + 2 +1) points of the projective plane of order 2 correspond to 2-point subspaces (lines) of the linear 3-space over the two-element field Galois field GF(2), and may be therefore be visualized as 2-cube subsets of the 2×2×2 cube.
Similarly, recent posts* have noted that the thirteen (32 + 3 + 1) points of the projective plane of order 3 may be seen as 3-cube subsets in the 3×3×3 cube.
The twenty-one (42 + 4 +1) points of the (unique) projective plane of order 4 may also be visualized as subsets of a cube– in this case, the 4×4×4 cube. This visualization is somewhat more complicated than the 3×3×3 case, since the 4×4×4 cube has no central subcube, and each projective-plane point corresponds to four, not three, subcubes.
These three cubes, with 8, 27, and 64 subcubes, thus serve as geometric models in a straightforward way– first as models of finite linear spaces, hence as models for small Galois geometries derived from the linear spaces. (The cubes with 8 and 64 subcubes also serve in a less straightforward, and new, way as finite-geometry models– see The Eightfold Cube, Block Designs, and Solomon's Cube.)
A group of collineations** of the 21-point plane is one of two nonisomorphic simple groups of order 20,160. The other is the linear group acting on the linear 4-space over the two-element Galois field GF(2). The 1899 paper establishing the nonisomorphism notes that "the expression Galois Field is perhaps not yet in general use."
Coordinates of the 4×4×4 cube's subcubes can, of course, be regarded as elements of the Galois field GF(64).
The preceding remarks were purely mathematical. The "dreams" of this post's title are not. See…
See also Geometry of the I Ching and a search in this journal for "Galois + Ching."
* February 27 and March 13
** G20160 in Mitchell 1910, LF(3,22) in Edge 1965
— Mitchell, Ulysses Grant, "Geometry and Collineation Groups
of the Finite Projective Plane PG(2,22),"
Princeton Ph.D. dissertation (1910)
— Edge, W. L., "Some Implications of the Geometry of
the 21-Point Plane," Math. Zeitschr. 87, 348-362 (1965)
Comments Off on Galois Field of Dreams
Friday, March 19, 2010
For Alyssa
An Old Magic Symbol
… and for Dan Brown —
Symbology
Comments Off on Garden of Forking Paths
Saturday, March 6, 2010
Alyssa is Wonderland
Manohla Dargis in The New York Times yesterday—
“Of course the character of Carroll’s original Alice is evident in each outrageous creation she dreams up in ‘Wonderland’ and in the sequel, ‘Through the Looking-Glass,’ which means that she’s a straight man to her own imagination. (She is Wonderland.)”
From Inside the White Cube—
“The sacramental nature of the space becomes clear, and so does one of the great projective laws of modernism: as modernism gets older, context becomes content. In a peculiar reversal, the object introduced into the gallery ‘frames’ the gallery and its laws.”
From Yogi Berra–
“When you come to a fork in the road, take it.”
Related material: For Baron Samedi and…
Symbology
Comments Off on Deconstructing Alice
Wednesday, March 3, 2010
Jeremy Gray, Plato's Ghost: The Modernist Transformation of Mathematics, Princeton, 2008–
"Here, modernism is defined as an autonomous body of ideas, having little or no outward reference, placing considerable emphasis on formal aspects of the work and maintaining a complicated— indeed, anxious— rather than a naïve relationship with the day-to-day world, which is the de facto view of a coherent group of people, such as a professional or discipline-based group that has a high sense of the seriousness and value of what it is trying to achieve. This brisk definition…."
Brisk? Consider Caesar's "The die is cast," Gray in "Solomon's Cube," and yesterday's post—
This is the group of "8 rigid motions
generated by reflections in midplanes"
of Solomon's Cube.
Related material:
"… the action of G168 in its alternative guise as SL(3; Z/2Z) is also now apparent. This version of G168 was presented by Weber in [1896, p. 539],* where he attributed it to Kronecker."
— Jeremy Gray, "From the History of a Simple Group," in The Eightfold Way, MSRI Publications, 1998
Here MSRI, an acronym for Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, is pronounced "Misery." See Stephen King, K.C. Cole, and Heinrich Weber.
*H. Weber, Lehrbuch der Algebra, Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1896. Reprinted by Chelsea, New York, 1961.
Comments Off on Plato’s Ghost
Thursday, February 18, 2010
Truth, Geometry, Algebra
The following notes are related to A Simple Reflection Group of Order 168.
1. According to H.S.M. Coxeter and Richard J. Trudeau
“There is a pleasantly discursive treatment of Pontius Pilate’s unanswered question ‘What is truth?’.”
— Coxeter, 1987, introduction to Trudeau’s The Non-Euclidean Revolution
1.1 Trudeau’s Diamond Theory of Truth
1.2 Trudeau’s Story Theory of Truth
2. According to Alexandre Borovik and Steven H. Cullinane
2.1 Coxeter Theory according to Borovik
2.1.1 The Geometry–
Mirror Systems in Coxeter Theory
2.1.2 The Algebra–
Coxeter Languages in Coxeter Theory
2.2 Diamond Theory according to Cullinane
2.2.1 The Geometry–
Examples: Eightfold Cube and Solomon’s Cube
2.2.2 The Algebra–
Examples: Cullinane and (rather indirectly related) Gerhard Grams
Summary of the story thus far:
Diamond theory and Coxeter theory are to some extent analogous– both deal with reflection groups and both have a visual (i.e., geometric) side and a verbal (i.e., algebraic) side. Coxeter theory is of course highly developed on both sides. Diamond theory is, on the geometric side, currently restricted to examples in at most three Euclidean (and six binary) dimensions. On the algebraic side, it is woefully underdeveloped. For material related to the algebraic side, search the Web for generators+relations+”characteristic two” (or “2“) and for generators+relations+”GF(2)”. (This last search is the source of the Grams reference in 2.2.2 above.)
Comments Off on Theories: An Outline
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
From this journal:
Transition to the
Garden of Forking Paths–
(See For Baron Samedi)–
The Found Symbol
and Dissemination, by Jacques Derrida,
translated by Barbara Johnson,
London, Athlone Press, 1981–
Pages 354-355
On the mirror-play of the fourfold
Pages 356-357
Shaking up a whole culture
Pages 358-359
Cornerstone and crossroads
Pages 360-361
A deep impression embedded in stone
Pages 362-363
A certain Y, a certain V
Pages 364-365
The world is Zeus's play
Page 366
It was necessary to begin again
Comments Off on Symbology
Saturday, January 23, 2010
Yesterday's Times —
Today's Times —
Annals of Deconstruction —
Click on image for background.
Related material
for Baron Samedi —
The Found Symbol
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Saturday, November 14, 2009
A graphic novel reviewed in the current Washington Post features Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell–
Related material:
Whitehead on Fano’s finite projective three-space:
“This is proved by the consideration of a three dimensional geometry in which there are only fifteen points.”
—The Axioms of Projective Geometry , Cambridge University Press, 1906
A related affine six-space:
Further reading:
See Solomon’s Cube and the link at the end of today’s previous entry, then compare and contrast the above portraits of Whitehead and Russell with Charles Williams’s portraits of Sir Giles Tumulty and Lord Arglay in the novel Many Dimensions .
“It was a dark and stormy night….“
Comments Off on Mathematics and Narrative, continued:
Thursday, September 17, 2009
Jennifer's Body
The following remark this evening by Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post serves as an instant review of today's previous cinematic Log24 offering starring the late Patrick Swayze:
"Watch it, forget it, move on."
A perhaps more enduring tribute:
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“Nobody puts Baby in a corner.”
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Wednesday, September 16, 2009
The Found Symbol
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Saturday, September 5, 2009
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Sunday, March 1, 2009
Solomon's Cube
continued
"There is a book… called A Fellow of Trinity, one of series dealing with what is supposed to be Cambridge college life…. There are two heroes, a primary hero called Flowers, who is almost wholly good, and a secondary hero, a much weaker vessel, called Brown. Flowers and Brown find many dangers in university life, but the worst is a gambling saloon in Chesterton run by the Misses Bellenden, two fascinating but extremely wicked young ladies. Flowers survives all these troubles, is Second Wrangler and Senior Classic, and succeeds automatically to a Fellowship (as I suppose he would have done then). Brown succumbs, ruins his parents, takes to drink, is saved from delirium tremens during a thunderstorm only by the prayers of the Junior Dean, has much difficulty in obtaining even an Ordinary Degree, and ultimately becomes a missionary. The friendship is not shattered by these unhappy events, and Flowers's thoughts stray to Brown, with affectionate pity, as he drinks port and eats walnuts for the first time in Senior Combination Room."
— G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician's Apology
"The Solomon Key is the working title of an unreleased novel in progress by American author Dan Brown. The Solomon Key will be the third book involving the character of the Harvard professor Robert Langdon, of which the first two were Angels & Demons (2000) and The Da Vinci Code (2003)." — Wikipedia
"One has O+(6) ≅ S8, the symmetric group of order 8! …."
— "Siegel Modular Forms and Finite Symplectic Groups," by Francesco Dalla Piazza and Bert van Geemen, May 5, 2008, preprint.
"The complete projective group of collineations and dualities of the [projective] 3-space is shown to be of order [in modern notation] 8! …. To every transformation of the 3-space there corresponds a transformation of the [projective] 5-space. In the 5-space, there are determined 8 sets of 7 points each, 'heptads' …."
— George M. Conwell, "The 3-space PG(3, 2) and Its Group," The Annals of Mathematics, Second Series, Vol. 11, No. 2 (Jan., 1910), pp. 60-76
"It must be remarked that these 8 heptads are the key to an elegant proof…."
— Philippe Cara, "RWPRI Geometries for the Alternating Group A8," in Finite Geometries: Proceedings of the Fourth Isle of Thorns Conference (July 16-21, 2000), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, ed. Aart Blokhuis, James W. P. Hirschfeld, Dieter Jungnickel, and Joseph A. Thas, pp. 61-97
Comments Off on Sunday March 1, 2009
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
Diamond-Faceted:
Transformations
of the Rock
A discussion of Stevens's late poem "The Rock" (1954) in Wallace Stevens: A World of Transforming Shapes, by Alan D. Perlis, Bucknell University Press, 1976, p. 120:
For Stevens, the poem "makes meanings of the rock." In the mind, "its barrenness becomes a thousand things/And so exists no more." In fact, in a peculiar irony that only a poet with Stevens's particular notion of the imagination's function could develop, the rock becomes the mind itself, shattered into such diamond-faceted brilliance that it encompasses all possibilities for human thought:
The rock is the gray particular of man's life,
The stone from which he rises, up—and—ho,
The step to the bleaker depths of his descents ...
The rock is the stern particular of the air,
The mirror of the planets, one by one,
But through man's eye, their silent rhapsodist,
Turquoise the rock, at odious evening bright
With redness that sticks fast to evil dreams;
The difficult rightness of half-risen day.
The rock is the habitation of the whole,
Its strength and measure, that which is near,
point A
In a perspective that begins again
At B: the origin of the mango's rind.
(Collected Poems, 528)
|
A mathematical version of
this poetic concept appears
in a rather cryptic note
from 1981 written with
Stevens's poem in mind:
For some explanation of the
groups of 8 and 24
motions referred to in the note,
see an earlier note from 1981.
For the Perlis "diamond facets,"
see the Diamond 16 Puzzle.
For a much larger group
of motions, see
Solomon's Cube.
As for "the mind itself"
and "possibilities for
human thought," see
Geometry of the I Ching.
Comments Off on Tuesday February 17, 2009
Saturday, December 6, 2008
Another Opening,
Another Show
"While feasts of Saint Nicholas are not observed nationally, cities with strong German influences like Milwaukee, Cincinnati, and St. Louis celebrate St. Nick's Day on a scale similar to the German custom." —
Wikipedia
A footprint from Germany:
The link in the above footprint leads
to an entry of July 5, 2006.
The access method:
"The Python urllib module implements a fairly high-level abstraction for making any web object with a URL act like a Python file: i.e., you open it, and get back an object…."
|
For more pictures and discussion
of the object fetched by Python,
see
AntiChristmas 2007.
For a larger and more sophisticated
relative of that object,
see Solomon's Cube and
the related three presents
from the German link's target:
Comments Off on Saturday December 6, 2008
Sunday, May 18, 2008
From the Grave
DENNIS OVERBYE
in yesterday's New York Times:
"From the grave, Albert Einstein
poured gasoline on the culture wars
between science and religion this week…."
An announcement of a
colloquium at Princeton:
Above: a cartoon,
"Coxeter exhuming Geometry,"
with the latter's tombstone inscribed
"GEOMETRY
600 B.C. —
1900 A.D.
R.I.P."
The above is from
The Paradise of Childhood,
a work first published in 1869.
"I need a photo-opportunity,
I want a shot at redemption.
Don't want to end up a cartoon
In a cartoon graveyard."
— Paul Simon
Albert Einstein,
1879-1955:
"It is quite clear to me that the religious paradise of youth, which was thus lost, was a first attempt to free myself from the chains of the 'merely-personal,' from an existence which is dominated by wishes, hopes and primitive feelings. Out yonder there was this huge world, which exists independently of us human beings and which stands before us like a great, eternal riddle, at least partially accessible to our inspection and thinking. The contemplation of this world beckoned like a liberation…."
— Autobiographical Notes, 1949
Related material:
A commentary on Tom Wolfe's
"Sorry, but Your Soul Just Died"–
"The Neural Buddhists," by David Brooks,
in the May 13 New York Times:
"The mind seems to have
the ability to transcend itself
and merge with a larger
presence that feels more real."
A New Yorker commentary on
a new translation of the Psalms:
"Suddenly, in a world without
Heaven, Hell, the soul, and
eternal salvation or redemption,
the theological stakes seem
more local and temporal:
'So teach us to number our days.'"
and a May 13 Log24 commentary
on Thomas Wolfe's
"Only the Dead Know Brooklyn"–
"… all good things — trout as well as
eternal salvation — come by grace
and grace comes by art
and art does not come easy."
— A River Runs Through It
"Art isn't easy."
— Stephen Sondheim,
quoted in
Solomon's Cube.
For further religious remarks,
consult Indiana Jones and the
Kingdom of the Crystal Skull
and The Librarian:
Return to King Solomon's Mines.
Comments Off on Sunday May 18, 2008
Saturday, May 10, 2008
MoMA Goes to
Kindergarten
"… the startling thesis of Mr. Brosterman's new book, 'Inventing Kindergarten' (Harry N. Abrams, $39.95): that everything the giants of modern art and architecture knew about abstraction they learned in kindergarten, thanks to building blocks and other educational toys designed by Friedrich Froebel, a German educator, who coined the term 'kindergarten' in the 1830's."
— "Was Modernism Born
in Toddler Toolboxes?"
by Trip Gabriel, New York Times,
April 10, 1997
RELATED MATERIAL
Figure 1 —
Concept from 1819:
(Footnotes 1 and 2)
Figure 2 —
The Third Gift, 1837:
Froebel's Third Gift
Froebel, the inventor of
kindergarten, worked as
an assistant to the
crystallographer Weiss
mentioned in Fig. 1.
(Footnote 3)
Figure 3 —
The Third Gift, 1906:
Figure 4 —
Solomon's Cube,
1981 and 1983:
Figure 5 —
Design Cube, 2006:
For some mathematical background, see
Footnotes:
Comments Off on Saturday May 10, 2008
Monday, July 23, 2007
Daniel Radcliffe
is 18 today.
Greetings.
“The greatest sorcerer (writes Novalis memorably)
would be the one who bewitched himself to the point of
taking his own phantasmagorias for autonomous apparitions.
Would not this be true of us?”
–Jorge Luis Borges, “Avatars of the Tortoise”
“El mayor hechicero (escribe memorablemente Novalis)
sería el que se hechizara hasta el punto de
tomar sus propias fantasmagorías por apariciones autónomas.
¿No sería este nuestro caso?”
–Jorge Luis Borges, “Los Avatares de la Tortuga“
Autonomous Apparition
At Midsummer Noon:
“In Many Dimensions (1931)
Williams sets before his reader the
mysterious Stone of King Solomon,
an image he probably drew from
a brief description in Waite’s
The Holy Kabbalah (1929) of
a supernatural cubic stone
on which was inscribed
‘the Divine Name.’”
Related material:
|
It is not enough to cover the rock with leaves.
We must be cured of it by a cure of the ground
Or a cure of ourselves, that is equal to a cure
Of the ground, a cure beyond forgetfulness.
And yet the leaves, if they broke into bud,
If they broke into bloom, if they bore fruit,
And if we ate the incipient colorings
Of their fresh culls might be a cure of the ground.
– Wallace Stevens, “The Rock” |
See also
“… I realized that to me,
Gödel and Escher and Bach
were only shadows
cast in different directions by
some central solid essence.
I tried to reconstruct
the central object, and
came up with this book.”
Hofstadter’s cover.
Here are three patterns,
“shadows” of a sort,
derived from a different
“central object”:
Click on image for details.
Comments Off on Monday July 23, 2007
Sunday, June 24, 2007
Raiders of
the Lost Stone
(Continued from June 23)
Charles Williams:
"In Many Dimensions (1931)
Williams sets before his reader the
mysterious Stone of King Solomon,
an image he probably drew
from a brief description in Waite's
The Holy Kabbalah (1929)
of a supernatural cubic stone
on which was inscribed
Comments Off on Sunday June 24, 2007
Tuesday, April 3, 2007
Our Judeo-Christian
Heritage –
Lottery
Hermeneutics
Part II: Christian
Part III:
Imago Dei
Click on picture
for details.
Related material:
It is perhaps relevant to
this Holy Week that the
date 6/04 (2006) above
refers to both the Christian
holy day of Pentecost and
to the day of the
facetious baccalaureate
of the Class of 2006 in
the University Chapel
at Princeton.
For further context for the
Log24 remarks of that same
date, see June 1-15, 2006.
Comments Off on Tuesday April 3, 2007
Sunday, December 10, 2006
The Lottery 12/9/06 |
Mid-day |
Evening |
New York |
036
See
The Quest for the 36 |
331
See 3/31—
“square crystal” and “the symbolism could not have been more perfect.” |
Pennsylvania |
602
See 6/02—
Walter Benjamin on “Adamic language.” |
111
See 1/11—
“Related material: Jung’s Imago and Solomon’s Cube.”
|
Comments Off on Sunday December 10, 2006
Friday, November 3, 2006
First to Illuminate
“From the History of a Simple Group” (pdf), by Jeremy Gray:
“The American mathematician A. B. Coble [1908; 1913]* seems to have been the first to illuminate the 27 lines and 28 bitangents with the elementary theory of geometries over finite fields.
The combinatorial aspects of all this are pleasant, but the mathematics is certainly not easy.”
* [Coble 1908] A. Coble, “A configuration in finite geometry isomorphic with that of the 27 lines on a cubic surface,” Johns Hopkins University Circular 7:80-88 (1908), 736-744.
[Coble 1913] A. Coble, “An application of finite geometry to the characteristic theory of the odd and even theta functions,” Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 14 (1913), 241-276.
Comments Off on Friday November 3, 2006
Thursday, October 5, 2006
In Touch with God
(Title of an interview with
the late Paul Halmos, mathematician)
Since Halmos died on Yom Kippur, his thoughts on God may be of interest to some.
From a 1990 interview:
“What’s the best part of being a mathematician? I’m not a religious man, but it’s almost like being in touch with God when you’re thinking about mathematics. God is keeping secrets from us, and it’s fun to try to learn some of the secrets.”
I personally prefer Annie Dillard on God:
“… if Holy the Firm is matter at its dullest, Aristotle’s materia prima, absolute zero, and since Holy the Firm is in touch with the Absolute at base, then the circle is unbroken. And it is…. Holy the Firm is in short the philosopher’s stone.”
Some other versions of
the philosopher’s stone:
And, more simply,
April 28, 2004:
This last has the virtue of
being connected with Halmos
via his remarks during the
“In Touch with God” interview:
“…at the root of all deep mathematics there is a combinatorial insight… the really original, really deep insights are always combinatorial….”
“Combinatorics, the finite case, is where the genuine, deep insight is.”
See also the remark of Halmos that serves as an epigraph to Theme and Variations.
Comments Off on Thursday October 5, 2006
Wednesday, September 20, 2006
Public Space
"… the Danish cartoons crisis last March showed 'two world views colliding in public space with no common point of reference.'"
— George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1991 to 2002, quoted in today's London Times.
Related material:
Geometry and Christianity
(Google search yielding
"about 1,540,000" results)
Geometry and Islam
(Google search yielding
"about 1,580,000" results)
MySpace.com/affine
A Public Space
— Motto of
Plato's Academy
Background from
Log24 on Feb. 15, 2006:
If we replace the Chinese word "I" (change, transformation) with the word "permutation," the relevance of Western mathematics (which some might call "the Logos") to the I Ching ("Changes Classic") beomes apparent.
|
For the relevance of Plato to
Islam, see David Wade's
Pattern in Islamic Art
and a Google search on
Plato and Islam
("about 1,680,000" results).
"We should let ourselves be guided by what is common to all. Yet although the
Logos is common to all, most men live as if each had a private intelligence of his own."
— Heraclitus of Ephesus, about 500 B.C.
Comments Off on Wednesday September 20, 2006
Wednesday, July 5, 2006
And now, from
the author of Sphere…
CUBE
He beomes aware of something else… some other presence.
“Anybody here?” he says.
I am here.
He almost jumps, it is so loud. Or it seems loud. Then he wonders if he has heard anything at all.
“Did you speak?”
No.
How are we communicating? he wonders.
The way everything communicates with everything else.
Which way is that?
Why do you ask if you already know the answer?
— Sphere, by Michael Crichton, Harvard ’64
“… when I went to Princeton things were completely different. This chapel, for instance– I remember when it was just a clearing, cordoned off with sharp sticks. Prayer was compulsory back then, and you couldn’t just fake it by moving your lips; you had to know the words, and really mean them. I’m dating myself, but this was before Jesus Christ.”
— Baccalaureate address at Princeton, Pentecost 2006, reprinted in The New Yorker, edited by David Remnick, Princeton ’81
Comments Off on Wednesday July 5, 2006
Saturday, June 17, 2006
“Breaking the spell of religion is a
game that many people can play.”
— Freeman Dyson in the current
New York Review of Books
Part I:
The Game
Part II:
Many People
For further details,
see Solomon’s Cube
and myspace.com/affine.
“The rock cannot be broken.
It is the truth.”
— Wallace Stevens
Comments Off on Saturday June 17, 2006
Wednesday, May 10, 2006
“… we have condensed six dimensions into four, then we either work by analogy into six, or we have to use math that apparently nobody but Jake and my cousin Ed understands. Unless you can think of some way to project six dimensions into three– you seem to be smart at such projections.”
I closed my eyes and thought hard. “Zebbie, I don’t think it can be done. Maybe Escher could have done it.”
Comments Off on Wednesday May 10, 2006
Thursday, March 9, 2006
Finitegeometry.org Update
(Revised May 21, 2006)
Finitegeometry.org now has permutable JavaScript views of the 2x2x2 and 4x4x4 design cubes. Solomon’s Cube presented a claim that the 4x4x4 design cube retains symmetry under a group of about 1.3 trillion transformations. The JavaScript version at finitegeometry.org/sc/64/view/ lets the reader visually verify this claim. The reader should first try the Diamond 16 Puzzle. The simpler 2x2x2 design cube, with its 1,344 transformations, was described in Diamonds and Whirls; the permutable JavaScript version is at finitegeometry.org/sc/8/view/.
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Wednesday, February 15, 2006
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Wednesday, January 11, 2006
Time in the Rock
"a world of selves trying to remember the self
before the idea of self is lost–
Walk with me world, upon my right hand walk,
speak to me Babel, that I may strive to assemble
of all these syllables a single word
before the purpose of speech is gone."
— Conrad Aiken, "Prelude" (1932),
later part of "Time in the Rock,
or Preludes to Definition, XIX" (1936),
in Selected Poems, Oxford U. Press
paperback, 2003, page 156
"The rock is the habitation of the whole,
Its strength and measure, that which is near, point A
In a perspective that begins again
At B: the origin of the mango's rind.
It is the rock where tranquil must adduce
Its tranquil self, the main of things, the mind,
The starting point of the human and the end,
That in which space itself is contained, the gate
To the enclosure, day, the things illumined
By day, night and that which night illumines,
Night and its midnight-minting fragrances,
Night's hymn of the rock, as in a vivid sleep."
— Wallace Stevens in The Rock (1954)
"Poetry is an illumination of a surface,
the movement of a self in the rock."
— Wallace Stevens, introduction to
The Necessary Angel, 1951
Related material:
Jung's Imago and
Solomon's Cube.
The following may help illuminate the previous entry:
"I want, as a man of the imagination, to write poetry with all the power of a monster equal in strength to that of the monster about whom I write. I want man's imagination to be completely adequate in the face of reality."
— Wallace Stevens, 1953 (Letters 790)
The "monster" of the previous entry is of course not Reese Witherspoon, but rather Vox Populi itself.
Comments Off on Wednesday January 11, 2006
Wednesday, January 4, 2006
Dragon School
In memory of Humphrey Carpenter, author of The Inklings, who attended The Dragon School. Carpenter died a year ago today.
Images
"Lewis began with a number of haunted images…."
"The best of the books are the ones… where the allegory is at a minimum and the images just flow."
"'Everything began with images,' Lewis wrote…."
Comments Off on Wednesday January 4, 2006
Wednesday, November 9, 2005
In honor of the 120th anniversary of the birth of Hermann Weyl:
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Saturday, November 5, 2005
Contrapuntal Themes
in a Shadowland
(See previous entry.)
Douglas Hofstadter on his magnum opus:
"… I realized that to me, Gödel and Escher and Bach were only shadows cast in different directions by some central solid essence. I tried to reconstruct the central object, and came up with this book."
Hofstadter's cover
Here are three patterns,
"shadows" of a sort,
derived from a different
"central object":
For details, see
Solomon's Cube.
Related material:
The reference to a
"permutation fugue"
(pdf) in an article on
Gödel, Escher, Bach.
Comments Off on Saturday November 5, 2005
Wednesday, May 4, 2005
The Fano Plane
Revisualized:
or, The Eightfold Cube
Here is the usual model of the seven points and seven lines (including the circle) of the smallest finite projective plane (the
Fano plane):
Every permutation of the plane's points that preserves collinearity is a symmetry of the plane. The group of symmetries of the Fano plane is of order 168 and is isomorphic to the group PSL(2,7) = PSL(3,2) = GL(3,2). (See Cameron on linear groups (pdf).)
The above model indicates with great clarity six symmetries of the plane– those it shares with the equilateral triangle. It does not, however, indicate where the other 162 symmetries come from.
Shown below is a new model of this same projective plane, using partitions of cubes to represent points:
The cubes' partitioning planes are added in binary (
1+1=0) fashion. Three partitioned cubes are collinear if and only if their partitioning planes' binary sum equals zero.
The second model is useful because it lets us generate naturally all 168 symmetries of the Fano plane by splitting a cube into a set of four parallel 1x1x2 slices in the three ways possible, then arbitrarily permuting the slices in each of the three sets of four. See examples below.
For a proof that such permutations generate the 168 symmetries, see
Binary Coordinate Systems.
(Note that this procedure, if regarded as acting on the set of eight individual subcubes of each cube in the diagram, actually generates a group of 168*8 = 1,344 permutations. But the group's action on the diagram's seven partitions of the subcubes yields only 168 distinct results. This illustrates the difference between affine and projective spaces over the binary field GF(2). In a related 2x2x2 cubic model of the affine 3-space over GF(2) whose "points" are individual subcubes, the group of eight translations is generated by interchanges of parallel 2x2x1 cube-slices. This is clearly a subgroup of the group generated by permuting 1x1x2 cube-slices. Such translations in the affine 3-space have no effect on the projective plane, since they leave each of the plane model's seven partitions– the "points" of the plane– invariant.)
To view the cubes model in a wider context, see Galois Geometry, Block Designs, and Finite-Geometry Models.
Comments Off on Wednesday May 4, 2005
Sunday, February 20, 2005
Relativity Blues
Today, February 20, is the 19th anniversary of my note The Relativity Problem in Finite Geometry. Here is some related material.
In 1931, the Christian writer Charles Williams grappled with the theology of time, space, free will, and the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics (anticipating by many years the discussion of this topic by physicists beginning in the 1950's).
(Some pure mathematics — untainted by physics or theology — that is nevertheless related, if only by poetic analogy, to Williams's 1931 novel, Many Dimensions, is discussed in the above-mentioned note and in a generalization, Solomon's Cube.)
On the back cover of Williams's 1931 novel, the current publisher, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company of Grand Rapids, Michigan, makes the following statement:
"Replete with rich religious imagery, Many Dimensions explores the relation between predestination and free will as it depicts different human responses to redemptive transcendence."
One possible response to such statements was recently provided in some detail by a Princeton philosophy professor. See On Bullshit, by Harry G. Frankfurt, Princeton University Press, 2005.
A more thoughtful response would take into account the following:
1. The arguments presented in favor of philosopher John Calvin, who discussed predestination, in The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought, by Marilynne Robinson
2. The physics underlying Einstein's remarks on free will, God, and dice
3. The physics underlying Rebecca Goldstein's novel Properties of Light and Paul Preuss's novels Secret Passages and Broken Symmetries
4. The physics underlying the recent so-called "free will theorem" of John Conway and Simon Kochen of Princeton University
5. The recent novel Gilead, by Marilynne Robinson, which deals not with philosophy, but with lives influenced by philosophy — indirectly, by the philosophy of the aforementioned John Calvin.
From a review of Gilead by Jane Vandenburgh:
"In The Death of Adam, Robinson shows Jean Cauvin to be the foremost prophet of humanism whose Protestant teachings against the hierarchies of the Roman church set in motion the intellectual movements that promoted widespread literacy among the middle and lower classes, led to both the American and French revolutions, and not only freed African slaves in the United States but brought about suffrage for women. It's odd then that through our culture's reverse historicism, the term 'Calvinism' has come to mean 'moralistic repression.'"
For more on what the Calvinist publishing firm Eerdmans calls "redemptive transcendence," see various July 2003 Log24.net entries. If these entries include a fair amount of what Princeton philosophers call bullshit, let the Princeton philosophers meditate on the summary of Harvard philosophy quoted here on November 5 of last year, as well as the remarks of November 5, 2003, and those of November 5, 2002.
From Many Dimensions (Eerdmans paperback, 1963, page 53):
"Lord Arglay had a suspicion that the Stone would be purely logical. Yes, he thought, but what, in that sense, were the rules of its pure logic?"
A recent answer:
Modal Theology
"We symbolize logical necessity
with the box ()
and logical possibility
with the diamond ()."
— Keith Allen Korcz,
(Log24.net, 1/25/05)
And what do we
symbolize by ?
"The possibilia that exist,
and out of which
the Universe arose,
are located in
a necessary being…."
— Michael Sudduth,
Notes on
God, Chance, and Necessity
by Keith Ward,
Regius Professor of Divinity
at Christ Church College, Oxford
(the home of Lewis Carroll)
Comments Off on Sunday February 20, 2005
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