Ontotheology "At times, bullshit can only be countered with superior bullshit." -- Norman Mailer "It may be that universal history is the history of the different intonations given a handful of metaphors." -- Jorge Luis Borges (1951), "The Fearful Sphere of Pascal," in Labyrinths, New Directions, 1962 "Before introducing algebraic semiotics and
structural blending, it is good to be clear about their philosophical
orientation. The reason for taking special care with this is that, in
Western culture, mathematical formalisms are often given a status
beyond what they deserve. For example, Euclid wrote, 'The laws of nature are but the mathematical thoughts of God.'"
-- Joseph A. Goguen, "Ontology, Society, and Ontotheology" (pdf) Goguen does not give a source for this alleged "thoughts of God" statement. A Web search for the source leads only to A Mathematical Journey, by Stanley Gudder, who apparently also attributes the saying to Euclid. Neither Goguen nor Gudder seems to have had any interest in the accuracy of the Euclid attribution. Talk of "nature" and "God" seems unlikely from Euclid, a pre-Christian Greek whose pure mathematics has (as G. H. Hardy might be happy to point out) little to do with either. Loose talk about God's thoughts has also been attributed to Kepler and Einstein... and we all know about Stephen Hawking. Gudder may have been misquoting some other author's blather about Kepler. Another possible source of the "thoughts of God" phrase is Hans Christian Oersted. The following is from Oersted's The Soul in Nature--
Oersted also allegedly said that "The Universe is a manifestation of an Infinite Reason and the laws of Nature are the thoughts of God." This remark was found (via Google book search) in an obscure journal that does not give a precise source for the words it attributes to Oersted.
Posted 1/31/2007 at 3:09 PM |
By Indirections "Michael Taylor (1971).... contends that the central conflict in Hamlet is between 'man as victim of fate and as controller of his own destiny.'"-- The Gale Group, Shakespearean Criticism, Vol. 71, at eNotes Doonesbury today: "Personality is a synthesis of possibility and necessity."-- Soren Kierkegaard On Fate (Necessity), Ellerman was apparently a friend of, and a co-author
with, Gian-Carlo Rota. His "theory of adjoint functors" is related to the standard mathematical concepts known as profunctors, distributors, and bimodules. The applications of his theory, however, seem to be
less to mathematics itself than to a kind of philosophical poetry that seems rather closely related
to the above metaphors of George Dyson. For a less poetic approach to
related purely mathematical concepts, see, for instance, the survey Practical Foundations of Mathematics by Paul Taylor (Cambridge University Press, 1999).
For less poetically appealing, but perhaps more perspicuous,
extramathematical applications of category theory, see the work of, for instance, Joseph
Goguen: Algebraic Semiotics and Information Integration, Databases, and Ontologies. Posted 1/29/2007 at 9:00 AM |
Art and the
Holy Spirit Madeleine L'Engle in The Irrational Season (1977), beginning of Chapter 9 (on Pentecost): "The Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, is the easiest of this not-at-all-easy concept for me to understand. Any artist, great or small, knows moments when something more than he takes over, and he moves into a kind of 'overdrive,' where he works as ordinarily he cannot work. When he is through, there is a sense of exhilaration, exhaustion, and joy. All our best work comes in this fashion, and it is humbling and exciting. After A Wrinkle in Time was finally published, it was pointed out to me that the villain, a naked disembodied brain, was called 'It' because It stands for Intellectual truth as opposed to a truth which involves the whole of us, heart as well as mind. That acronym had never occurred to me. I chose the name It intuitively, because an IT does not have a heart or soul. And I did not understand consciously at the time of writing that the intellect, when it is not informed by the heart, is evil." Posted 1/27/2007 at 9:00 AM |
IT "... at last she realized what the Thing on the dais was. IT was a brain. A disembodied brain...." ![]() "There could not be an objective test that distinguished a clever robot from a really conscious person." -- Daniel Dennett in TIME magazine, ![]() Daniel Dennett, Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Center for Cognitive Studies at Tufts University, in his office on campus. (Boston Globe, Jan. 29, 2006. Photo © Rick Friedman.) Hexagram 39: |
The Dead Shepherd starring E. Howard Hunt and James Jesus Angleton From this morning's New York Times: ![]() Tim Weiner in today's New York Times: "Mr. Hunt was intelligent, erudite, suave and loyal to his friends.... Everette Howard Hunt Jr. was born in Hamburg, N.Y., on Oct. 9, 1918, the son of a lawyer and a classically trained pianist who played church organ. He graduated from Brown University in June 1940 and entered the United States Naval Academy as a midshipman in February 1941. He worked as a wartime intelligence officer in China, a postwar spokesman for the Marshall Plan in Paris and a screenwriter in Hollywood. Warner Brothers had just bought his fourth novel, 'Bimini Run,' a thriller set in the Caribbean, when he joined the fledgling C.I.A. in April 1949. Mr. Hunt was immediately assigned to train C.I.A. recruits.... He moved to Mexico City, where he became chief of station in 1950. He brought along another rookie C.I.A. officer, William F. Buckley Jr., later a prominent conservative author and publisher, who became godfather and guardian to the four children of Mr. Hunt and his wife, the former Dorothy L. Wetzel. In 1954, Mr. Hunt helped plan the covert operation that overthrew the elected president of Guatemala.... By the time of the coup, Mr. Hunt had been removed from responsibility. He moved on to uneventful stints in Japan and Uruguay. Not until 1960 was Mr. Hunt involved in an operation that changed history. The C.I.A. had received orders from both President
Dwight D. Eisenhower and his successor, President John F. Kennedy, to
alter or abolish the revolutionary government of Fidel in Cuba. Mr.
Hunt's assignment was to create a provisional Cuban government that
would be ready to take power once the C.I.A.'s cadre of Cuban shock
troops invaded the island.... He retired from the C.I.A. in 1970 and secured a job with an agency-connected
public relations firm in Washington. Then, a year later, came a call from the
White House.... Mr. Hunt’s last book, 'American Spy: My Secret History in the C.I.A., Watergate and Beyond,' written with Greg Aunapu, is to be published on March 16 with a foreword by his old friend William F. Buckley Jr. Late in life, he said he had no regrets, beyond the Bay of Pigs." Related Material: Game Boy, ![]() "In his study of The Cantos,
Davenport defines the Poundian ideogram as 'a grammar of images, emblems, and symbols, rather than a grammar of logical sequence.... An idea unifies, dominates, and controls the particulars that make the ideogram'." ![]() Photo from Miami University site Posted 1/24/2007 at 1:00 AM |
Quine vs. Kierkegaard "The most prominent critic of the modal notions is Quine. Throughout his career, he has argued against the use of notions like necessity and possibility." -- Michael J. Loux, Note 1 of Chapter 5, "The Necessary and the Possible," in Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction (Routledge, second edition, January 1, 2002) "Personality is a synthesis of possibility and necessity." -- Soren Kierkegaard, The Sickness Unto Death Related material: Plato, Pegasus, and the Evening Star Diamonds Are Forever Dream a Little Dream Update of 3:45 PM: From Arts & Letters Daily this afternoon-- "Existentialism is not all gloom, even if Heidegger looks pretty sour in those photos. It’s a philosophy that America needs now, says the late Robert Solomon... more ... obit" See also Jan. 2, the date of Solomon's death in Switzerland, and click on the following symbol from that date: ![]() Posted 1/23/2007 at 12:00 PM |
A Brief Alternate Version of
The Diamond Age: Or, a Young Lady's Illustrated Primer Piper Laurie is 75. For Piper Laurie
-- Lewis Carroll, He looked at her face. She was very drunk. Her eyes were swollen,
pink at the corners. "What's the book?" he said, trying to make his
voice conversational. But it sounded loud in the room, and hard.
She blinked up at him, smiled sleepily, and said nothing. "What's the book?" His voice had an edge now. "Oh," she said. "It's Kierkegaard. Soren Kierkegaard." She pushed her legs out straight on the couch, stretching her feet. Her skirt fell back a few inches from her knees. He looked away. "What's that?" he said. "Well, I don't exactly know, myself." Her voice was soft and thick. He turned his face away from her again, not knowing what he was angry with. "What does that mean, you don't know, yourself?" She blinked at him. "It means, Eddie, that I don't exactly know what the book is about. Somebody told me to read it, once, and that's what I'm doing. Reading it." -- Walter Tevis, The Hustler Posted 1/22/2007 at 11:11 AM |
Posted 1/21/2007 at 11:22 AM |
Posted 1/20/2007 at 2:14 PM |
From today's online New York Times: Posted 1/20/2007 at 1:00 PM |
Triple Kiss
![]()
-- "The Crystal Cabinet" The above illustration of a classic Blake verse is
for Anthony Daniels, a critic of Ezra Pound. The illustration may
appeal to Daniels, since it is, like the persona presented by Daniels himself, petit-bourgeois and vulgar.
It was inspired by today's two previous entries and by Daniels's remarks, in this month's New Criterion magazine, on Ezra Pound: "Of his poetry I shall say nothing: not being fluent in Greek, Chinese, Italian, Farsi, and so forth, I do not feel much qualified to comment on it.... I shall merely confess to a petit-bourgeois partiality for comprehensibility and to what Pound himself called, in the nearest he ever came to a mea culpa with regard to his own ferocious anti-Semitism at a time of genocide, 'a vulgar suburban prejudice' against those who suppose that their thoughts are so profound that they justify a lifetime of exegesis if ever their meaning is to be even so much as glimpsed through a glass darkly." -- "Pound's Depreciation" Daniels, here posing as a vulgar suburban petit-bourgeois, is unwilling to examine Pound's poetry even "through a glass darkly." This echoes the petit-bourgeois, but not vulgar, "confession" of today's previous entry: "I didn't expect much--didn't look out the window At school more diligent than able--docile stable" -- "A Life," by Zbigniew Herbert Pound, editor of T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land"-- published in the first issue of the original Criterion magazine in 1922-- might refer Daniels to the ghost of Guy Davenport: "'The architectonics of a narrative,' Davenport says, 'are emphasized and given a role to play in dramatic effect when novelists become Cubists; that is, when they see the possibilities of making a hieroglyph, a coherent symbol, an ideogram of the total work. A symbol comes into being when an artist sees that it is the only way to get all the meaning in.'.... In his study of The Cantos, Davenport defines the Poundian ideogram as 'a grammar of images, emblems, and symbols, rather than a grammar of logical sequence.... An idea unifies, dominates, and controls the particulars that make the ideogram'.... He insists on the intelligibility of this method: 'The components of an ideogram cohere as particles in a magnetic field, independent of each other but not of the pattern in which they figure.'" -- Andre Furlani, "'When Novelists Become Cubists': The Prose Ideograms of Guy Davenport" Related material: A remark on form and pattern by T. S. Eliot (friend of Pound and founder of the original Criterion magazine) Posted 1/19/2007 at 11:07 PM |
Semantic Transparency "... semantic transparency ... would allow disparate systems to share some understanding of the actual concepts that are represented..." -- IBM Developer Works on October 7, 2003 From Wikipedia's "Upper Ontology" and Epiphany 2007: "There is no neutral ground that can serve as a means of translating between specialized (lower) ontologies." There is, however, "the field of reason"-- the 3x3 grid: From a Log24 entry of January 7, 2007: "One of the primary critiques of modernism that Learning from Las Vegas was engaged in, as Frederic [sic] Jameson clearly noted, was the dialectic between inside and outside and the assumption that the outside expressed the interior. Let's call this the modernist drive for 'expressive transparency.'" -- Aron Vinegar of Ohio State U., "Skepticism and the Ordinary: From Burnt Norton to Las Vegas" From this week's New Yorker (issue dated Jan. 22, 2007)-- "A Life," by Zbigniew Herbert (translated from the Polish by Alissa Vales): I was a quiet boy a little sleepy and--amazingly-- unlike my peers--who were fond of adventures-- I didn't expect much--didn't look out the window At school more diligent than able--docile stable For the rest of the poem, click here. From the Wikipedia article on Zbigniew Herbert: "In modern poetry, Herbert advocated semantic transparence. In a talk given at a conference organized by the journal Odra he said: 'So not having pretensions to infallibility, but stating only my predilections, I would like to say that in contemporary poetry the poems that appeal to me the most are those in which I discern something I would call a quality of semantic transparency (a term borrowed from Husserl's logic). This semantic transparency is the characteristic of a sign consisting in this: that during the time when the sign is used, attention is directed towards the object denoted, and the sign itself does not hold the attention. The word is a window onto reality.'" (Wikipedia cites as the source-- Herbert's talk at the meeting "Poet in face of the present day," organized by the "Odra" journal. Print version: Preface to: Zbigniew Herbert "Poezje," Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, Warszawa 1998, ISBN 83-06-02667-5.) Fom Nabokov's Transparent Things (pdf): "Its ultimate vision was the incandescence of a book or a box grown completely transparent and hollow. This is, I believe, it: not the crude anguish of physical death but the incomparable pangs of the mysterious mental maneuver needed to pass from one state of being to another. Easy, you know, does it, son." Related material:
Posted 1/19/2007 at 7:00 PM |
Twisted Honeycomb From a review in today's New York Times by Janet Maslin of Norman Mailer's new novel, The Castle in the Forest: "The wise beekeeper does not wear dark clothing, lest it pick up light-colored pollen. Italian bees are gentler and more chic than the Austrian variety. The mating box, capping fork and spur-wheel embedder are essential tools for apiculture. And all power in the beehive rests with a treacherous but fragrant bitch. All this bee talk crops up in 'The Castle in the Forest,' Norman Mailer's zzzzz-filled new novel about Adolf Hitler's tender, metaphor-fraught and (in this book's view) literally bedeviled boyhood. So it is not a stretch for the book's jacket copy to insist that 'now, on the eve of his 84th birthday, Norman Mailer may well be saying more than he ever has before.' More about beekeeping-- absolutely."Posted 1/19/2007 at 11:11 AM |
Logos and Logic (private, cut from prev. entry)
to illustrate "possibility." It leads, as noted at finitegeometry.org, to the famed "24-cell," which may be pictured either as the diamond figure from Plato's Meno -- ![]() Click for details. -- or as a figure with 24 vertices: ![]() Click for details. The "diamond" version of the 24-cell seems unrelated to the second version that shows all vertices and edges, yet the second version is implicit, or hidden, in the first. Hence "possibility." Neither version of the 24-cell seems related in any obvious way to the 3x3 grid, yet both versions are implicit, or hidden, in the grid. Hence "possibility." Posted 1/9/2007 at 9:00 PM |
For Balanchine's Birthday (continued from January 9, 2003)
"What on earth is Review: From Wikipedia's "There is no neutral ground There is, however, Click on grid As Rosalind Krauss Other artists regard -- Richard Kearney, 2005, Kearney (right) with "...
one of the things that worried me about traditional metaphysics, at
least as I imbibed it in a very Scholastic manner at University College
Dublin in the seventies, is that philosophy was realism and realism was
truth. What disturbed me about that was that everything was already
acquired; truth was always a systematic given and it was there to be
learned from Creation onwards; it was spoken by Jesus Christ and then
published by St. Thomas Aquinas: the system as perfect synthesis.
Hence, my philosophy grew out of a hunger for the 'possible'
and it was definitely a reaction to my own philosophical formation. Yet
that wasn't my only reaction. I was also reacting to what I considered
to be the deep pessimism, and even at times 'nihilism' of the
postmodern turn." -- Richard Kearney, interview (pdf) in The Leuven Philosophy Newsletter, Vol. 14, 2005-2006 For more on "the possible," see Kearney's The God Who May Be, Diamonds Are Forever, and the conclusion of Mathematics and Narrative:
Posted 1/9/2007 at 12:00 PM |
Thursday, April 7, 2005 7:26 PM In the Details Wallace Stevens, XXII
Details: Professor Eucalyptus said, "The search For reality is as momentous as The search for God." It is the philosopher's search For an interior made exterior And the poet's search for the same exterior made Interior.... ... Likewise to say of the evening star, The most ancient light in the most ancient sky, That it is wholly an inner light, that it shines From the sleepy bosom of the real, re-creates, Searches a possible for its possibleness. Julie Taymor, "Skewed Mirrors" interview: "... they were performing for God. Now God can mean whatever you want it to mean. But for me, I understood it so totally. The detail.... They did it from the inside to the outside. And from the outside to the in. And that profoundly moved me then. It was...it was the most important thing that I ever experienced." ![]() The above may be of interest to students of iconology -- what Dan Brown in The Da Vinci Code calls "symbology" -- and of redheads. The artist of Details, "Brenda Starr" creator Dale Messick, died on Tuesday, April 5, 2005, at 98. ![]() AP Photo Dale Messick in 1982 For further details on April 5, see Art History: The Pope of Hope ![]() Posted 1/7/2007 at 12:00 PM |
Birthday Greetings
to Nicolas Cage from Marxists.org Fredric Jameson, Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism-- Various forms of "the modern movement" that include "... the modernist school of poetry (as institutionalised and canonised in the works of Wallace Stevens) all are now seen as the final, extraordinary flowering of a high-modernist impulse which is spent and exhausted..." --marxists.org: "One of the primary critiques of modernism that Learning from Las Vegas was engaged in, as Frederic [sic] Jameson clearly noted, was the dialectic between inside and outside and the assumption that the outside expressed the interior.* Let's call this the modernist drive for 'expressive transparency.'" -- Aron Vinegar of Ohio State U., "Skepticism and the Ordinary: From Burnt Norton to Las Vegas" * Jameson, Frederic [sic]. 1988. "Architecture and the Critique of Ideology." The Ideologies of Theory: Essays, 1971-1986. Volume 2. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 59.Steven Helmling, The Success and Failure of Fredric Jameson, SUNY Press, 2001, p. 54-- Jameson "figures the inside/outside problem in the metaphor of the 'prison-house of language'...." Jung and the Imago Dei: "... Jung presents a diagram to illustrate the dynamic movements of the self...." ...the movement of -- Wallace Stevens: "Welcome to The Rock." -- Sean Connery ![]() "... just as God defeats the devil: this bridge exists...." -- Andre Weil ![]() The bridge illustration is thanks to Magneto. Posted 1/7/2007 at 11:00 AM |
Posted 1/7/2007 at 10:00 AM |
"Varnedoe's lectures were ultimately
about faith, about his faith in the power of abstraction, and abstraction as a kind of anti-religious faith in itself...." -- The Washington Post
Related material: The
more industrious scholars -- Tom Wolfe, The Painted Word "Concept (scholastics' verbum mentis)-- theological analogy of Son's procession as Verbum Patris, 111-12" -- Index to Joyce and Aquinas, by William T. Noon, S.J., Yale University Press 1957, second printing 1963, page 162 "So did God cause the big bang? Overcome by metaphysical lassitude, I finally reach over to my bookshelf for The Devil's Bible. Turning to Genesis I read: 'In the beginning there was nothing. And God said, 'Let there be light!' And there was still nothing, but now you could see it.'" -- Jim Holt, Big-Bang Theology, Slate's "High Concept" department ![]() "Bang." "...Mondrian and Malevich For properties of the "nothing" represented by the 3x3 grid, see The Field of Reason. For religious material related to the above and to Epiphany, a holy day observed by some, see Plato, Pegasus, and the Evening Star and Shining Forth. Posted 1/6/2007 at 9:00 PM |
An Epiphany for the Birthday of E. L. Doctorow, Author of City of God (Doctorow wrote about New York. A city more closely associated with God is Jerusalem.) On the morning of January 2 this year, inspired by Sambin's "basic picture," I considered an entry dealing with Galois lattices (pdf). This train of thought was halted by news of the death earlier that morning of Teddy Kollek, 95, a founder of the Israeli intelligence service and six-term mayor of Jerusalem. (This led later to the entry "Damnation Morning"-- a reference to the Fritz Leiber short story.)
This morning's entry reboards the Galois train of thought. Here are some relevant links: Galois Connections (a French weblog entry providing an brief overview of Galois theory and an introduction to the use of Galois lattices in "formal concept analysis") Ontology (an introduction to formal concept analysis linked to on 3/31/06) One motive for resuming consideration of Galois lattices today is to honor the late A. Richard Newton, a pioneer in engineering design who died at 55-- also on Tuesday, Jan. 2, the date of Kollek's death. Today's New York Times obituary for Newton says that "most recently, Professor Newton championed the study of synthetic biology." A check of syntheticbiology.org leads to a web page on-- again-- ontology. For the relationship between ontology (in the semantic-web sense) and Galois lattices, see (for instance) "Knowledge Organisation and Information Retrieval Using Galois Lattices" (ps) and its references. An epiphany within all this that Doctorow might appreciate is the following from Wikipedia, found by following a link to "upper ontology" in the syntheticbiology.org ontology page:
Related material: The intellectual concepts See also Old School Tie. Posted 1/6/2007 at 10:31 AM |
In Twelfth Night, the character Feste ".. seems to be the wisest person within all the characters in the comedy. Viola remarks this by saying 'This fellow's wise enough to play the fool'.... Since Feste is a licensed fool, his main role in Twelfth Night is to speak the truth. This is where the humor lies...." -- Field-of-Themes.com Posted 1/5/2007 at 7:59 PM |
Final page of The New York Times Book Review, issue dated January 7, 2007: On using speech-recognition software to dictate a book: "Writing is the act of accepting the huge shortfall between the story in the mind and what hits the page. 'From your lips to God's ears,' goes the old Yiddish wish. The writer, by contrast, tries to read God's lips and pass along the words.... And for that, an interface will never be clean or invisible enough for us to get the passage right.... Everthing we write-- through any medium-- is lost in translation. But something new is always found again, in their eager years. In Derrida's fears. Make that: in the reader's ears." -- Richard Powers (author of The Gold Bug Variations) Posted 1/5/2007 at 12:00 PM |
Time and the River
Front page of The New York Times Book Review, issue dated January 7, 2007: "Time passes, and what it passes through is people-- though people believe that they are passing through time, and even, at certain euphoric moments, directing time. It's a delusion, but it's where memoirs come from, or at least the very best ones. They tell how destiny presses on desire and how desire pushes back, sometimes heroically, always poignantly, but never quite victoriously. Life is an upstream, not an uphill, battle, and it results in just one story: how, and alongside whom, one used his paddle." -- Walter Kirn, "Stone's Diaries" "So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past." -- F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby Posted 1/5/2007 at 9:26 AM |
Readings for wise men on the date of T. S. Eliot's death: "A cold coming we had of it...." "... a Church is to be judged by its intellectual fruits, by its influence on the sensibility of the most sensitive and on the intellect of the most intelligent, and it must be made real to the eye by monuments of artistic merit." -- T. S. Eliot, For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order, published by Faber & Gwyer, London, in 1928. The visual "monuments of artistic merit" I prefer are not those of a Church-- except, perhaps, the Church of Modernism. Literary monuments are another matter. I recommend: The Death of Adam, The Novels of Charles Williams, and Let Sleeping Beauties Lie. Related material on style and order: Eliot's essay on Andrewes begins, "The Right Reverend Father in God, Lancelot Bishop of Winchester, died on September 25, 1626." For evidence of Andrewes's saintliness (hence, that of Eliot) we may examine various events of the 25th of September. ("On September 25th most of the Anglican Communion commemorates the day on which Lancelot Andrewes died.") In Log24, these events are... Sept. 25, 2002 -- "Las Mañanitas" Sept. 25, 2003 -- ![]() Aloha. Sept. 25, 2004 -- ![]() Sept. 25, 2006 -- ![]() (Yau and Perelman) It seems that I am somewhat out of step with the Anglican Communion... though perhaps, in a sense, in step with Eliot. Note his words in "Journey of the Magi": Birth or Death?See also entries for Dec. 27, 2006 (the day of Itche Goldberg's death) -- ![]() -- "Least Popular Christmas Present Revisited" -- and for the same date three years earlier -- "If you don't play while Chinese checkers One brain game that is widely, Posted 1/4/2007 at 12:00 PM |
The Wanderer: 11:32:56 "What on earth is a concrete universal?" -- Robert M. Pirsig ![]() "James Joyce meant Finnegans Wake to become a universal book. His universe was primarily Dublin, but Joyce believed that the universal
can be found in the particular. 'I always write about Dublin,' he said
to Arthur Power, 'because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get
to the heart of all the cities of the world' (Ellmann 505). He achieved that goal in Ulysses by making Bloom a universal wanderer, the everyman trying to find his way in the labyrinth of the world." --The Joyce of Science The Past as Prologue: Grand Rapids Revisited ![]() John Constantine, ".... recent books testify further to Calvin College's unparalleled leadership in the field of Christian historiography...." "I need a photo opportunity, I want a shot at redemption. Don't want to end up a cartoon In a cartoon graveyard." A photo opportunity -- ![]() and a recent cartoon: ![]() "History, said Stephen...." From Calvin College, today's meditation: Posted 1/3/2007 at 11:32 AM |
Introduction to
![]() the Double Cross This time slot, 7:00 AM EST, Tuesday, Jan. 2, 2007, was reserved earlier. It now (mid-day Jan. 3) seems an appropriate place for the following illustration -- Posted 1/2/2007 at 7:00 AM |
Posted 1/1/2007 at 3:00 PM |